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來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 「佛家慈悲」是否等同西方Compassion?建構含攝佛法的慈悲構念=Conceptualize Buddhist Compassion: Differentiating Buddhist Compassion from Western Compassion |
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| 作 者 | 周佳敏; 葉光輝; | 書刊名 | 本土諮商心理學學刊 |
| 卷 期 | 14:3 2023.09[民112.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-72 |
| 分類號 | 220.14 |
| 關鍵詞 | 文化系統研究方法; 四無量心; 佛家慈悲; 慈悲; Buddhist compassion; Cultural system approach; EASE; Four immeasurables; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese);英文(English) |
| 中文摘要 | 受達賴喇嘛倡導慈悲觀念影響,西方對 compassion 主題之研究近年來風起雲湧、蓬 勃發展。但「佛家慈悲」(Buddhist compassion)是否能等同於西方 compassion?因為兩 者淵源於不同文化,未必能劃上等號。故本文比較「佛家慈悲」和西方 compassion 概念 之差異,並構念化「佛家慈悲」。 為探討「佛家慈悲」和西方 compassion 之差異,本文採取黃光國「文化系統研究方 法」,對兩者進行「文化詮釋」。分析結果發現,西方 compassion 意指渴望為受苦者解除 痛苦。「佛家慈悲」雖有此義,但在佛學脈絡中,「慈悲喜捨」四無量心乃不可分割之美 德系統,故其界定範疇遠較西方 compassion 寬廣。進一步分析發現,「佛家慈悲」之所 以發展出相互平衡的美德系統,乃因佛家文化系統中具有人人可成佛的理想人觀,因而 四無量心的修行有助邁向諸佛圓滿無瑕的「大慈悲」。 其次,本文依據科學哲學理論建構之倡議,對「佛家慈悲」內涵進行「科學詮釋」。 本文先從社會科學角度,分析出「佛家慈悲」構念涵括四面向:除西方 compassion 強調 的助人慈悲外,亦包含教化慈悲、鎮定慈悲和平等慈悲,意指「以鎮定情緒和平等心, 幫助受苦者離苦得樂,並協助犯錯者改過向善」。此定義不僅呼應四無量心,亦符合達賴 喇嘛對於慈悲之論述。本文進一步依據心理學理論和研究發現檢視「佛家慈悲」四面向 之間的關係,分析結果顯示新增慈悲的三面向有助於平衡助人慈悲的可能副作用,呼應 四無量心理論之預設。 綜上所述,本文根據黃光國之「文化系統研究方法」和「科學微世界」論述,對「佛 教慈悲」進行「文化詮釋」和「科學詮釋」。據此構念化「佛家慈悲」,從而證實黃光國 倡議之本土社會科學研究方法確實可行。 |
| 英文摘要 | In psychological literature, compassion is conceptualized as the desire to alleviate the suffering of others. It is presumed that Buddhist compassion refers to the same definition. However, from a cultural psychology perspective, it is essential to compare and contrast the definition of compassion and the content of Buddhist compassion since these two terms originate from two distinctly different cultures. As indicated by Richard Shweder, the collective human psyche exhibits "one mind, many mentalities." To bridge this research gap, we first made a "cultural interpretation" of compassion and that of Buddhist compassion to examine the discrepancy between these two. Second, we made a "scientific interpretation" of Buddhist compassion to elucidate this construct as well as related dimensions. Specifically, to make a "cultural interpretation" of compassion and that of Buddhist compassion, we adopted both word analysis and Kwang-Kuo Hwang's "cultural system approach." Word analysis showed that compassion and Buddhist compassion seem alike. However, the cultural system approach revealed that these two differ since Buddhist philosophy attempts to resolve the potential downside of compassion by proposing the "four immeasurables" (mettā, karuṇā, muditā, and upekkhā). The joy element (muditā) can help balance our depression in the face of other people's sufferings. Further, the equality element (upekkhā) can help reduce our attachment to loved ones, thereby lowering in-group favoritism and out-group dehumanization. The four immeasurables are a pathway to move from ordinary people's imperfect compassion towards flawless, boundless "great compassion" demonstrated by buddhas. Furthermore, to make a “scientific interpretation,” we analyzed the content of Buddhist compassion from a social science perspective and found that it consists of four dimensions: edification for wrongdoers, alleviation for sufferers, serenity within, and equality without (or EASE). Hence, Buddhist compassion can be defined as "helping sufferers and wrongdoers in a calm and equal manner." By elucidating the construct and the check-balance system of Buddhist compassion, this paper offers a theoretical conceptualization of Buddhist compassion for future empirical validation. Further, this paper also serves as an example of Hwang's "cultural system approach" and "theory building method" to construct a "scientific microworld." |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。