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題名 | 馬尼拉小繭蜂(膜翅目:小繭蜂科)於秋行軍蟲及斜紋夜蛾上之寄生與發育表現=Parasitic Preference and Growth Performance of Snellenius manilae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda and S. litura |
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作者姓名(中文) | 黃妤婷; 王智立; 黃紹毅; | 書刊名 | 臺灣昆蟲 |
卷期 | 42:1 2022.02[民111.02] |
頁次 | 頁11-24 |
分類號 | 387.781 |
關鍵詞 | 馬尼拉小繭蜂; 秋行軍蟲; 斜紋夜蛾; 寄生偏好; 發育表現; Snellenius manilae; Spodoptera frugiperda; Spodoptera litura; Parasitic preference; Developmental performance; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 秋行軍蟲 (Fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda) 為重要農業害蟲,可危害玉米、水稻及落花生等多種作物,並已多次於全球造成嚴重損失。2019 年6 月秋行軍蟲首次入侵臺灣,由於臺灣全年氣候溫暖,作物多樣化,產期不間斷,更間接加劇了秋行軍蟲的肆虐及防治難度。以過去其他疫區之防治經驗為鑒,過度依賴化學防治往往導致抗藥性快速產生,而尋求其他防治策略予以協助乃成為需嚴正看待之議題。秋行軍蟲與斜紋夜蛾 (S. litura) 同屬夜蛾科Spodoptera 屬。而斜紋夜蛾於臺灣之所有寄生性天敵中,以馬尼拉小繭蜂 (Snellenius manila (Ashmead)) 寄生率最高,且分布最普遍。本試驗目的為評估應用馬尼拉小繭蜂防治秋行軍蟲之效能,希望利用其環境適應性高、世代短、不易產生抗性、且產卵集中於羽化前期等特性,輔助綜合防治之落實。本試驗分別以馬尼拉小繭蜂對二齡秋行軍蟲及斜紋夜蛾幼蟲進行選擇及非選擇性試驗,並記錄馬尼拉小繭蜂各發育階段所需時間、寄生率、化繭率、羽化率、繭重及性比。結果顯示,馬尼拉小繭蜂以秋行軍蟲為寄主時卵至幼蟲期為8.51 ± 0.04 日,蛹期為5.49 ± 0.04 日,總發育所需日數為13.93 ± 0.06 日,平均繭重為2.59 ± 0.02 mg,其中,雌蜂總發育所需日數為14.37 ± 0.07 日,顯著長於雄蜂之13.50 ± 0.08 日;以斜紋夜蛾為寄主時卵至幼蟲期為8.40 ± 0.05 日,蛹期5.32 ± 0.04 日,總發育所需日數為13.65 ± 0.07 日,平均繭重為2.56 ± 0.02 mg,其中雌蜂總發育所需日數為14.06 ± 0.11 日,亦顯著長於雄蜂之13.34 ± 0.08 日。且不論馬尼拉小繭蜂親代來源為何、寄主轉換與否,子代以秋行軍蟲為寄主時,卵至幼蟲期及總發育所需日數皆顯著較以斜紋夜蛾為寄主時長,於雌雄蜂皆有相同趨勢。此外,馬尼拉小繭蜂於無選擇情況下,對秋行軍蟲之寄生率 (62.88%) 顯著高於對斜紋夜蛾之寄生率 (42.06%);於可選擇情況下,亦對臺灣原有之主要寄主-斜紋夜蛾,無顯著寄生偏好。依此可結論馬尼拉小繭蜂對於秋行軍蟲具有相當良好之防治潛力。 |
英文摘要 | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) is an agricultural pest that can ravage a variety of crops, such as corn, rice, and groundnut; it has caused severe agricultural loss around the world. In June 2019, S. frugiperda invaded Taiwan for the first time. Due to Taiwan’s warm climate, crop diversity, and uninterrupted agricultural cycle, the invasion of S. frugiperda was intense and difficult to control. As evident in other regions affected by invasive species, an overreliance on pesticides necessarily leads to the pests quickly developing a resistance against them. Therefore, control strategies other than the use of pesticides has become essential. Both S. frugiperda and S. litura belong to the Spodoptera genus of the Noctuidae family. Snellenius manilae (Ashmead) has the highest parasitic rate and is most commonly distributed among all parasitic enemies of S. litura in Taiwan. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using Snellenius manilae to control the S. frugiperda population and to evaluate whether the adoption of Snellenius manilae is beneficial for the implementation of integrated pest management against S. frugiperda. In this study, the second-instar larvae of S. frugiperda and S. litura were used in choice and non-choice tests with Snellenius manilae. The periods required for each developmental stage and the parasitism rate, cocooning rate, emergence rate, cocoon weight, and sex ratio of Snellenius manilae were recorded. The results indicated that when Snellenius manilae parasitized S. frugiperda, the developmental period for the egg to larval stages was 8.51 ± 0.04 days, that for pupation was 5.49 ± 0.04 days, the number of days for full development was 13.93 ± 0.06 days, and the average cocoon weight was 2.59 ± 0.02 mg. The total developmental time for female parasitoids was 14.37 ± 0.07 days, which was significantly longer than 13.50 ± 0.08 days for male parasitoids. When Snellenius manilae parasitized S. litura, the developmental period of egg to larval stage of Snellenius manilae was 8.40 ± 0.05 days, and the pupation period was 5.32 ± 0.04 days. The total developmental days of Snellenius manilae was 13.65 ± 0.07 days, and the average cocoon weight was 2.56 ± 0.02 mg. The number of days for full development for female parasitoids was 14.06 ± 0.11 days, which was also significantly longer than the 13.34 ± 0.08 days for male parasitoids. Regardless of which colony the parental parasitoid came from and whether the host of the parent parasitoid changed, when the offspring of parasitoids developed in S. frugiperda, the developmental period from egg to larval stage and number of days for full development were significantly longer than those in S. litura. In addition, the parasitism rate of Snellenius manilae was significantly higher on S. frugiperda (62.88%) than on S. litura (42.06%) in the non-choice tests. In the choice tests, Snellenius manilae also exhibited no parasitic preference to S. litura, the main host of Snellenius manilae in Taiwan. These results indicate the potential of using Snellenius manilae to control the S. frugiperda population. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。