頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 亞洲第一個半總統制--斯里蘭卡憲政體制的變遷與挑戰=Asia's First Semi-presidentialism: The Transformations and Challenges of the Constitutional System in Sri Lanka |
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作者 | 陳宏銘; | 書刊名 | 臺灣民主季刊 |
卷期 | 17:1 2020.03[民109.03] |
頁次 | 頁83-120 |
分類號 | 574.376 |
關鍵詞 | 半總統制; 斯里蘭卡; 行政總統; 總統議會制; 總理總統制; Semi-presidentialism; Sri Lanka; Executive presidency; President-parliamentary; Premier-presidentialism; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 斯里蘭卡是亞洲最先採行半總統制的國家,同時也是歐洲以外第一個實施半總統制的國家,但迄今中文學術文獻中似未見相關專門著作,因此本文嘗試以憲政選擇和變遷之理論探討其經驗。斯里蘭卡的個案具有重要的理論意義,其憲政體制的變遷,經歷了由第一共和內閣制轉型為第二共和半總統制的跨體制完全轉型,以及維持在半總統制下,從總統議會制演化成為總理總統制之次類型局部轉型。比較半總統制各國經驗,罕見與其相似之模式。研究發現,外部體制的示範作用與優勢政治行動者的偏好,是促成制度選擇與變遷的主要因素。研究結果並顯示,雖然該國存在著廢除「行政總統」和弱化總統權力的主張,且新一波憲政改革於2016年啟動,但目前還未看到憲改共識的形成。由於之前才經歷總統和總理衝突的憲政危機,新任總統甫於2019年年底就職,使得斯里蘭卡半總統制的發展前景充滿變數和挑戰。 |
英文摘要 | Sri Lanka was the first country in Asia to adopt a semi-presidential system, and it was also the first country outside Europe to implement a semi-presidential system. So far, there seems to be no work on this topic in Chinese academic literature. This article attempts to explore the case of Sri Lanka with the theory of constitutional choice and change. The case of Sri Lanka has important theoretical significance. Its constitutional system has undergone a transformation from the cabinet system of the first republic to the semi-presidential system of the second republic.It has undergone a fully transformation from the First Republican's parliamentarism to the Second Republican's semi-presidentialism, and under the semi-presidential system, from the president-parliamentary system to the premier-presidential system, that is the transformation between sub-types. Comparing the experience of semi-presidentialism, we rarely see similar development models. The study found that the exemplary role of foreign institutional model and the preferences of dominant political actors are the main factors contributing to institutional change. The results of the study show that although there are claims to abolish the "executive president" and weaken the power of the president, and a new wave of constitutional reform was launched in 2016, however, there is no consensus on the constitutional reform. Due to the recent constitutional crisis between the president and the prime minister, and the new president taking office at the end of 2019, the prospects for the development of the country's semi-presidentialism are full of variables and challenges. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。