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頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | A型肝炎臨床處置及預防=Hepatitis A Virus Infection and Vaccination |
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作 者 | 林冠吟; 洪健清; | 書刊名 | 內科學誌 |
卷 期 | 29:2 2018.04[民107.04] |
頁 次 | 頁68-73 |
分類號 | 415.5332 |
關鍵詞 | A型肝炎病毒; 高風險族群; 群突發; 疫苗接種; 血清反應; 人類免疫缺乏病毒感染; Hepatitis A virus; HAV; At-risk population; Outbreak; Vaccination; Serologic response; Human immunodeficiency virus; HIV; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 急性A型肝炎為感染A型肝炎病毒後所造成之肝臟發炎症狀,藉由糞口感染作為傳播途徑,為食媒傳染疾病的重要病因之一。預防急性A型肝炎的有效措施,包含改善衛生條件、注重個人衛生與接種A型肝炎疫苗。現今經過實施A型肝炎預防措施後,許多國家已經由A型肝炎高感染密度轉變為低感染密度國家。然而,在低感染密度國家,由於缺乏對於A型肝炎病毒保護性抗體之易感受宿主增加,因此只要引入A型肝炎病毒於易感受族群中,仍有可能在高風險族群間造成群突發。近年來,流行病學證據顯示於亞洲、歐洲、美國等A型肝炎低感染密度地區,陸續傳出於高風險族群之間,急性A型肝炎的群突發感染疫情。台灣自2015年6月起,更經歷了大規模超過1400多位急性A型肝炎通報案例的群突發疫情,因此鼓勵疫苗注射,以減少A型肝炎感染傳播,是一件刻不容緩的事。接種A型肝炎疫苗後,於免疫健全者能產生極佳的血清保護性抗體與臨床預防效果;於免疫不全者,雖血清保護性抗體產生較緩慢,但在群突發之際也能達到良好的臨床預防效果。本文報告近年新興急性A型肝炎於高風險族群的疫情,並介紹A型肝炎傳播途徑及臨床症狀表現,以及提供A型肝炎疫苗的施打建議。 |
英文摘要 | Hepatitis A is an acute inflammatory condition of the liver caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is transmitted fecal-orally and has been one of the major etiologies of foodborne diseases. The effective prevention strategies, including improvement of sanitation and personal hygiene and HAV vaccination, have shifted several countries from high HAV endemicity to low endemicity. However, any introduction of HAV into the susceptible populations may potentially cause outbreaks, especially in those with risky behaviors. Since 2015, outbreaks of HAV infection have been occurring among at-risk populations in Asia-Pacific region, the United States, and several European countries. Moreover, a large-scale outbreak with more than 1400 indigenous cases of acute hepatitis A has occurred in Taiwan since June 2015. While HAV vaccination is highly immunogenic and effective in the general population, suboptimal serologic response to HAV vaccination in individuals with moderate to severe immunodeficiency has been shown in several studies. Despite the suboptimal serologic response among immunodeficient individuals, HAV vaccination was highly effective in preventing acute HAV infection among HIV-positive patients during the outbreak in Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。