頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 平地造林烏心石疏伐木製炭之研究=Study of Charcoal Making with Michelia compressa Thinned Wood from Afforestation on the Plains |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 黃國雄; 李金梅; 何振隆; 王秋嫻; 游漢明; | 書刊名 | 臺灣林業科學 |
| 卷 期 | 32:1 2017.03[民106.03] |
| 頁 次 | 頁43-55 |
| 分類號 | 436.44 |
| 關鍵詞 | 烏心石; 疏伐木; 炭化; 木炭; 木醋液; Michelia compressa; Thinned wood; Carbonization; Wood charcoal; Wood vinegar; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究以屏東地區平地造林之烏心石疏伐木材為原料，裁斷成長度1 m測定徑級後，再製取2 cm 厚之圓盤試樣測定比重與含水率，利用土窯製炭時測定窯內炭化溫度與煙囪口溫度，出窯時秤取木炭 質量並計算收炭率，取不同炭化溫度之木炭進行性質試驗，製炭過程中收集木醋液並對不同煙囪口溫 度之木醋液進行性質試驗與成分分析。 由試驗結果得知烏心石疏伐木之容積比重為0.49，含水率為46.3%，由炭化溫度曲線得知製炭過 程中窯內上層溫度之上升較下層者快，窯內上層溫度達740℃以上而下層溫度則約為570℃，收炭率為 27.10%，碳保留率為47.84%。木炭之精煉度1.9~6.2隨炭化溫度升高而明顯降低，pH值8.57~9.42隨炭 化溫度升高而略為升高，真密度隨炭化溫度升高而明顯增大，含碳量隨炭化溫度升高而略增。木醋液 收集量為286.6 kg，為進窯量之10.49%，其中煙囪口溫度100℃以下之收集量占85.03％，煙囪口溫度 101℃以上之收集量較少。木醋液之比重與pH值隨煙囪口溫度升高而有略增之趨勢，酸度與木焦油含 量兩者受煙囪口溫度升高之影響不明顯。不同煙囪口溫度之木醋液有機成分中均以酸類(51.2~59.2％) 最多，酚類(19.8~22.6％)次之，醇類(15.7~20.6％)再次之，而中性物質(5.3~6.4％)則最少。 |
| 英文摘要 | In this study, trees of Michelia compressa thinned from an area of a Plain Afforestation Program in Pingtung were cut into segments 1 m in length for charcoal making. The specific gravity and moisture content were measured. The carbonization and chimney temperatures were separately measured with K-type thermocouples during wood charcoal production and wood vinegar collection in an earthen kiln. After discharging the charcoal, yields were calculated by weighing. In order to investigate the properties of the wood charcoal affected by differences in the carbonization temperature in the earthen kiln, the refined degree, pH value, carbon content, and true density tests were performed for specimens sampled at different carbonization temperatures. Quantities of the collected wood vinegar were periodically measured. The specific gravity, pH value, acidity, tar content, and component analysis of the wood vinegar were determined for samples collected at different chimney temperatures. The volume specific gravity and moisture content of M. compressa were 0.49 and 46.3%, respectively. From the measured carbonization temperature at each measuring point in the kiln, a curve of different temperatures was obtained. Carbonization temperatures in the upper part of the kiln rose faster and earlier than did those in the lower part. The highest temperature in the upper part of the kiln exceeded 740℃ at the end of carbonization, whereas the temperature in the lower part was only 570℃. The yield of wood charcoal was 27.10%. Carbon retention was 47.84%. The refined degree of the wood charcoal ranged 1.9~6.2, and decreased significantly with an increasing carbonization temperature. The pH value of wood charcoal was 8.57~9.42 and increased a little with an increase of carbonization temperature. The true density of wood charcoal increased with an increase in the carbonization temperature. The yield of wood vinegar was 10.49% in the charcoaling process. The quantity of wood vinegar collected at chimney temperatures of < 100℃ made up 85.03% of the total, while the amount notably decreased at temperatures of > 101℃. The specific gravity and pH value of the wood vinegar increased with an increasing chimney temperature. The acidity and tar content of the wood vinegar were not appreciably affected by the chimney temperature. Concentrations of acids, phenols, alcohols, and neutral compounds ranged 51.2~59.2, 19.8~22.6, 15.7~20.6, 5.3~6.4%, respectively, for wood vinegar collected at different chimney temperatures. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。