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題名 | 論國際法中對抗措施的均衡性原則=The Principle of Proportionality in the Law of International Countermeasures |
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作者 | 張博一; 張博一; | 書刊名 | 澳門研究 |
卷期 | 2015:2=77 2015.06[民104.06] |
頁次 | 頁187-194+200 |
分類號 | 579 |
關鍵詞 | 國際法; 對抗措施; 均衡性原則; 判斷對象; 測量基準; International law; Countermeasures; The principle of proportionality; Elements in determination; Measuring criteria; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | “均衡性原則”已是國際法的一般性原則,但至今仍沒有一個權威性、普遍性的定 義。通過對《國家責任條款草案》及國際判例的分析,確定了對抗措施中均衡性的比較對象、測 量基準,指出對抗措施中的均衡性應以先行違法行為為基準,結合被害國的具體損害、違法行為 的重大性、對抗措施實施的程度等廣泛要素進行綜合判斷,在難以對均衡性劃定一個清晰明確的 測量基準的狀況下,應根據相應的對抗措施機能,彈性地運用“量的均衡加質的均衡”的方式,判斷其均衡性。 |
英文摘要 | Although the principle of proportionality has been regarded as a general principle of international law, an authoritative and universal definition has yet to be agreed upon. This essay analyzes the ILC Draft Articles on State Responsibility and the jurisprudence (case law) pertaining to the legality of countermeasures to clarify what the principle of proportionality entails. It points out the various critical elements in the principle of proportionality — the significance of the illegal act first committed, the actual damages and injury suffered, the method and the degree to which countermeasures are applied, etc. Furthermore, this essay argues while it is hard to give a precise definition to the principle of proportionality, one should adopt a flexible approach incorporating both a qualitative and a quantitative factor in the assessment of proportionality. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。