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題 名 | 流行性腦脊髓膜炎之流行趨勢及疫苗在防疫上的角色=Epidemiology and Prevention of Meningococcal Meningitis: The Role of Vaccines |
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作 者 | 陳素幸; 王恩慈; 蘇韋如; 顏哲傑; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
卷 期 | 32:4 2016.02.23[民105.02.23] |
頁 次 | 頁68-77 |
分類號 | 412.729 |
關鍵詞 | 流行性腦脊髓膜炎; 奈瑟氏腦膜炎雙球菌; B型血清群腦膜炎球菌疫苗; Meningococcal meningitis; Neisseria meningitides; Serogroup B meningococcus vaccine; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 由奈瑟氏腦膜炎雙球菌所引起的流行性腦脊髓膜炎,在臨床上常以急性嚴重之併發症狀出現如腦膜炎、菌血症及敗血症等,並容易造成後遺症,其最有效之預防方法為施打疫苗,近年來因疫苗的廣泛使用,使得該疾病之發生率已大幅下降。隨著區域不同,流行型別亦有所差異,近年來,B型血清群腦膜炎球菌(serogroup B meningococcus)已逐漸成為許多國家流行性腦脊髓膜炎最主要之致病原,因此近期研發成功之新型B型疫苗(Bexsero®及Trumenba®),在疾病防治上,佔有越來越重要之角色。我國自2006年至今,每年流行性腦脊髓膜炎發生率均在每十萬人口0.1人以下,相較於歐美先進國家,我國屬於年發生率偏低的國家。雖然我國近年來流行性腦脊髓膜炎確定個案大多數為B型,但個案數少且多為散發性病例,因此在疾病防治上,仍以抗生素治療及預防性投藥為主。 |
英文摘要 | Meningococcal disease is caused by the bacteriumNeisseria meningitides. Clinically, it often appears with acute severe complications such as meningitis, bacteremia and septicemia, and is likely to cause sequelae. The most effective method of prevention is vaccination. In recent years, with the wide use of vaccines, the incidence rate of the disease has dropped significantly. The epidemic type varies in different regions, recently, serogroup B meningococcus has become the major pathogen among meningococcal meningitis in many countries.Therefore, new serogroup B vaccines (Bexsero® and Trumenba®) have played an important role in disease prevention. Since 2006, the annual incidence of meningococcal meningitis in Taiwan has reduced to less than 0.1 case per 100,000 populations. Compared to countries in Europe and North America, Taiwan is a low incidence country. Although recently, most of meningococcal meningitis cases in Taiwan were identified as serogroup B, the number of cases was low and most were sporadic. Therefore, antibiotic treatment and prophylaxis are still the primary measures on disease prevention. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。