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題 名 | Regional Differences of Writing in the Warring States Period=戰國時期書寫的地域性研究 |
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作 者 | 賓東哲; 賓東哲; | 書刊名 | 儒教文化研究 |
卷 期 | 25 2016.02[民105.02] |
頁 次 | 頁97-132 |
分類號 | 801.8 |
關鍵詞 | 青銅器銘文; 文字學; 戰國時期; 書法; 楚簡; Bronze inscriptions; Calligraphy; Scribal tradition; Early China; Warring States period; Chu manuscripts; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本文的主題是關於戰國時期的書體所具有的地域性。中國學者曾以國家為基本單位而提出戰國時期的文字分類方式 ,主要是按照燕、齊、楚、秦、三晉說明戰國時期五個系列的正字法和語源。但這種分類實際上不僅不能反映戰國時期各個國家的文字特點及其相互關聯性,還不能解釋各國書法的特點。於是筆者首先槪論中國學者的見解,然後在現成的考古學成果基礎上重新探討戰國時期文字和書體所包含的地域性差異。令人矚目的是,青銅時代從中山國到北方之間的銘文早就顯示出一種與南方楚國的書體很相似的字體。與此相反,當時在南方的各個地域上盛行的鳥蟲書逐漸擴散到包括晉、齊、燕在內的北方。再言之,南方地域的書風一方面影響到北方的各個國家 ,另一方面南方楚國的書體文化又充分吸收北方西周的傳統 ,並由此開創一新的書法。有鑒於此,可說,南北方地域的不同書法依照各個地域的不同傳統和規範而成立。反過來 ,戰國時期各個不同的地域性在一定程度上貢獻於不同的書法和字體的發展。但可惜的是 ,從書法上看 ,出現在公元前500年左右的晉的毛筆字,即侯馬盟書和公元前 300年左右在楚盛行的書法很類似。這一點向我們暗示兩個地域之間的文化交流及其綜合可能性。但現存的有關書法資料很不足,並且筆者的視閾有限,這有待於後日進一步研究。 |
英文摘要 | This article discusses the issue of regional differences in writing style during the Warring States period (Zhanguo戰國 , 467-221BCE). Models of regional Scripts developed by Chinese scholars generally consider distinctive Scripts in terms of “the five regions,” which are the Scripts of the states of Yan燕, Qi齊, Chu楚, Qin秦 and the Three Jin晉. While these models divide Warring States writing into the five regional Scripts in terms of orthography and provenance in general, this classification does not represent a more complicated reality of the interactions among the states, especially in calligraphic Manner. In this respect, I review the models of regional Scripts developed by Chinese scholars, and then investigate stylistic differences between Warring States regions using archaeological sources to show a different picture of the reality of Warring States writing. Bronze inscriptions from Zhongshan中山 , far to the north, show a calligraphic Manner reminiscent of the Chu Manner in the south. Birdand-insect Script, which was prevalent over a wide area of the south, appears to have spread far to the north, including the states of Jin, Qi, and Yan. While the influence of the calligraphic Manner of the south may have extended to a wide range of the north, it seems evident in the of Chu manuscripts that Chu scribes combined an artistic explcaseoitation of their own tradition with the influence of Western Zhou tradition from the northern China. Differences in regional norms seem to be apparent in the evidence provided by bronzes, and, therefore, might be expected to serve as a guide to understanding the evolution of ink practice in manuscripts. However, as we see the case of the Houma mengshu texts, written c. 500 BCE in a Jin brush style that was very close to brush style found in Chu c.300 BCE., our current data of scribal practice is not sufficient for fully understanding the similarity over time and space. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。