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題名 | 稻稈傳播水稻徒長病可能性之探討=Epidemical Study of Fusarium fujikuroi by Rice Straws |
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作者 | 林素禎; 鄭春玉; 王朝儀; 吳宗哲; 陳啟予; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
卷期 | 65:1 2016.03[民105.03] |
頁次 | 頁92-102 |
分類號 | 434.111 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 水稻徒長病菌; 稻稈; 土壤性質; Rice; Fusarium fujikuroi; Rice straw; Soil properties; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 林素禎、鄭春玉、王朝儀、吳宗哲、陳啟予。2016。稻稈傳播水稻徒長病可能性之探討。台灣農業研究65(1):92–102。近年來由Fusarium fujikuroi引起的水稻徒長病(bakanae disease of rice)在台灣各地有逐漸嚴重的趨勢,為了瞭解稻稈是否可傳播此病害,本文將探討不同土壤中此病原菌在稻稈上之殘存能力,以作為此病害防治之參考。本研究在行政院農業委員會農業試驗所實驗室中進行,試驗中所使用之水稻徒長病菌 (Fusariumfujikuroi) 由國立中興大學植物病理學系提供,水稻品種為「台農71號」。試驗開始於2013年4月,稻稈接種病原菌培養7 d後加入土壤中,稻稈與土壤比例為重量比1 : 100。稻稈加入土壤中,其病原菌初始濃度為2.0× 105 cfu g-1 soil,在第14、28、60、90、120及150 d後從土壤中取出稻稈,測定稻稈上病原菌之存活率。稻稈在土壤中14 d 時,水稻徒長病菌存活率以屏東縣萬巒鄉土壤最高(126%),其次為桃園縣觀音鄉土壤 (53%),第3 為彰化縣芬園鄉土壤(41%),而彰化縣二林鎮土壤最低(6%)。水稻徒長病菌在土壤中14 d的存活數之平方根,與土壤pH值成顯著直線負相關(P < 0.05),與有效性鉀含量成顯著直線正相關(P < 0.05),與其他土壤性質則無直線相關。稻稈在土壤中60 d時,水稻徒長病菌存活率以彰化縣芬園鄉土壤最高(2.5%),其次為桃園縣觀音鄉土壤(1.1%),第3為屏東縣萬巒鄉土壤(0.7%)。本試驗結果顯示,水稻徒長病菌在上述3種土壤中具有感染下一季水稻的潛在能力,因此建議在類似這3 種土壤理化性質的地區,須特別留意本病害的發生與防治。 |
英文摘要 | Lin, S. C., C. Y. Zheng, C. Y. Wang, Z. Z. Wu, and C. Y. Chen. 2016. Epidemical study of Fusarium fujikuroi by rice straws. J. Taiwan Agric. Res. 65(1):92-102. In recent years, the bakanae disease of rice caused by Fusarium fujikuroi seems getting serious in Taiwan. In order to evaluate the infectiousness of rice straws on this disease development, various soil types were chosen to study the survival capability of the pathogen on rice straws. These results will be referred as measures in the disease control. This study was conducted in the laboratory of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. The pathogen of bakanae disease was provided by the Department of Plant Pathology of Nation Chung Hsing University. The straws of the rice cultivar ‘TNG71’ were used. The experiment was conducted in April, 2013. The pathogen was inoculated in the rice straws and incubated for 7 days as initial inoculum.The mixing ratio between straw and soil was 1:100 (w/w) and the initial concentration of inoculum was 2.0 × 105 cfu g-1 soil. The straw samples were retrieved from the tested soils after 14, 28, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days incubation, respectively. The survival rates of pathogen were determined by serial dilution plate method. The result indicated that after 14 days incubation, the highest survival rate of pathogen was in Wanluan soil, Pingtung County (126%), followed by Guanyin soil, Taoyuang County (53%) and Fengyuang soil, Changhua County (41%).The lowest one was found in Erlin soil, Changhua County (6%). It showed that the square root of bakanae pathogen survival counts after 14 days incubation were strongly negatively linearcorrelated with soils pH (P < 0.05), strongly positively linear-correlated with available potassium concentrations (P < 0.05), and none-linear correlated with other soil properties. After 60 days incubation, the first three soil samples containing higher survival rate of the pathogen were from Fengyuang, Changhua County (2.5%), Guanyin, Taoyuang County (1.1%), and Wanluan, Pintong County (0.7%), respectively. Due to the long persistence (60 days) in these three types of soils, the pathogen was considered with the capability of infecting the following rice crop and the soil types were conducive to bakanae disease. Thus, we recommended that precaution on the occurrence and prevention of bakanae disease should be taken in these areas. |
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