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題名 | Sino-Tibetan Negation and the Case of Galo: Explaining a Distributional Oddity in Diachronic Terms=漢藏語之否定暨迦龍語個案研究:用歷時術語對其分布異象的闡釋 |
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作者 | Post, Mark W.; |
期刊 | 語言暨語言學 |
出版日期 | 20150400 |
卷期 | 16:3 2015.04[民104.04] |
頁次 | 頁431-464 |
分類號 | 802.93 |
語文 | eng |
關鍵詞 | 否定; 藏緬語; 達尼語; 迦龍語; 歷史語言學; Galo language; Historical linguistics; Negation; Tani languages; Tibeto-burman languages; |
中文摘要 | 絕大部分漢藏語言(或跨喜馬拉雅語言)的謂語中心詞都帶前置否定標記,然而, 在漢藏語言中,也有一小部分語言的謂語中心詞只帶後置否定標記,達尼語便是其中之 一。這種否定標記具有某種特殊的性質——既與派生變化相似,又與屈折變化相似,在 謂語主體中處於派生變化和屈折變化的「中間」地帶。通過對以情態助詞結尾的連動結 構形成的單個謂詞的再分析,本文認為早期前置的情態否定標記由於在謂語主體中位置 左移、重新排列而形成了謂語後綴,並且提出對上述兩種現象的普適性解釋。這與在有 些藏緬語,譬如,庫基–欽語和那加語中發現的另一種變化途徑有著相似性,在這些語言 中,否定前綴與句尾情態助詞融合而形成了後綴。然而,筆者認為上述現象在本質上有 些許的不同。本文提供了比 Post (2007) 文關於迦龍語(一種藏緬語族達尼支語言, 位於東喜馬拉雅)否定結構更為詳盡、綜合的描寫,基於此,筆者得出上述論斷。因 此,本文的另一目標在於豐富亞洲語言否定結構的類型學特徵。 |
英文摘要 | While the vast majority of Sino-Tibetan (=Trans-Himalayan) languages have a pre-head predicate negator, Tani is one of a small handful of subgroups whose languages display an exclusively post-head negator. This negator, furthermore, is somewhat unusual in having both derivation-like and inflection-like properties, and in occupying an ‘intermediate’ position between derivations and inflections in the predicate stem. This article proposes a common explanation for both facts, by hypothesizing that reanalysis of an AUX-final serial verb construction as a single predicate word has resulted in realignment of an earlier pre-head auxiliary negator as a predicate suffix with leftward scope over the predicate stem. This is similar to another channel found in some Tibeto-Burman languages in which a prefixal negator fuses with a clause-final auxiliary to become a suffix (as in Kuki-Chin and ‘Naga’); however, I argue it to be ultimately somewhat different. These arguments are made on the basis of a more comprehensive description of negation in Galo (Tibeto-Burman > Tani, Eastern Himalaya) than was provided in Post (2007); as such, a second goal of the paper is to contribute to the typology of negation in Asian languages more generally. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。