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題 名 | 臺灣稻作水足跡分析=The Water Footprints of Rice in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 姚佩萱; 徐貴新; 鄭百佑; 張元馨; 張尊國; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷 期 | 59:3 2013.09[民102.09] |
頁 次 | 頁1-12 |
分類號 | 554.57 |
關鍵詞 | 水足跡; 水稻; 灌溉; Water footprint; Rice; Irrigation; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為確保糧食安全存量需耗用大量水資源種植水稻,然用傳統的用水標的來說明水資源分配並無法讓消費大眾瞭解用於糧食生產之水資源價值。作物水足跡由藍色水足跡(灌溉用水)、綠色水足跡(土壤水分蒸發散)與灰色水足跡(肥料施用所涉及之水污染稀釋量)所組成,包含完整生長期內之作物需水量與水資源衝擊。本研究引進水足跡概念起分析工具量化臺灣各區域因自然環境與灌溉管理不同,造成水資源使用量之差異,發現臺灣地區30年間平均生產1公噸稻穀之水足跡為5,938 m^3,遠高於2000-2004年間全球生產水稻水足跡平均值1,325 m^3/ton。而臺灣稻作之水足跡中的藍色水足跡為4,784 m^3/ton佔80.6%,為水稻生產之主要用水,其次為綠色水足跡904 m^3/ton佔15.2%,灰色水足跡則是250 m^3/ton佔4.2%。若以期作別來看,一期稻水足跡為4,754 m^3/ton,二期稻水足跡為7,122 m^3/ton,主要受生長期間氣候、產量及休耕因素影響。以上成果將可提供農政與水資源管理之參考。 |
英文摘要 | A large amount of freshwater resource is needed in rice cultivation to maintain food security. However, there is little awareness about the worth of water pay, especially on water-intensive goods. Furthermore, the traditional production-sector-based indicators of water use, which focus on the water withdrawals in the domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors, do not address the sufficient estimation of agricultural water use. To focus on this lack, the water footprint is applied in this study to make a more authentic estimation. The water footprint of a crop is calculated within entire growth period, and it consists of three components: the blue water footprint (consumptive use of irrigation water), the green water footprint (consumptive use of rainwater stored in soil) and the grey water footprint (volume of polluted water associated with the application of fertilizers). In this study, the water footprint concept was used as a tool to quantify the sum of the water use of Taiwanese cultured rice. The national average water footprint of rice is 5,938 m^3/ton during 1980 to 2009, with the blue water footprint of 4,784 m^3/ton (80.6%), the green water footprint of 904 m^3/ton (15.2%), and the grey water footprint of 250 m^3/ton (4.2%), which is higher than the global average water footprint of rice (1,325 m^3/ton) during 2000 to 2004. Meanwhile, the water footprint of first crop rice is 4,754 m^3/ton and that of second crop rice is 7,122 m^3/ton. The difference between crop seasons results from the weather, productions and fallow. The result above could offer useful information for agriculture policy and water resource management. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。