頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 高溫無鹵電線之披覆塑膠複材開發研究=Study on the Sheathing Polymer Composites of the Halogen-Free Cables Used in High Temperature Field |
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作者 | 張宏祥; 王建中; 黃進光; | 書刊名 | 龍華科技大學學報 |
卷期 | 32 2012.06 [民101.06] |
頁次 | 頁21-34 |
分類號 | 467.41 |
關鍵詞 | 無鹵材料; 高溫無鹵電線; 耐燃劑; 奈米複材; 混練; Halogen free; Halogen-free cable; Flame retardant; Nano composites; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 低煙無鹵耐燃材料是近幾年來出現的一個新型產品,由於產品的安全規範中,電子電器產品的耐燃材料已朝向符合環保需求的低煙、無鹵耐燃技術進行發展,而應用在電線電纜外層的披覆材料也由先前的聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料逐漸走向較為環保的基材,如聚烯烴樹脂(PE、PP、EVA等)。而用於高溫無鹵電線之披覆複材必須符合 UL94 V-0耐燃標準、限氧指數至少 35、延伸率至少 300%、拉伸應力至少 13.8MPa、並通過 180oC老化試驗。因此,需慎選基材及耐燃添加劑,在基材方面,低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)能兼顧延展性、機械性質、耐燃性、與限氧指數,將用為高溫無鹵電線主要基材,另外,乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA),因本身有良好的延展性及延伸率,因此添加少量的 EEA有助於提升試片的延伸率。 在耐燃劑方面,耐燃劑主要用為增強電線披覆材料之耐燃與限氧指數特性,將選用氫氧化鎂(MH)、硼酸鋅(ZB)等微米級無鹵耐燃劑,配對實驗後,選擇較佳種類及比例為電線披覆複材添加劑。但因微米添加劑,混練時易團聚在一起,這將會使耐燃效果與限氧指數反而下降,因此,本研究將利用雙螺桿混練機有效的將粉末均勻分散,再使用 SEM觀察粉末是否均勻分散在基材內。 由實驗中發現在製備高含量粉末生胚時,雙螺桿混練機需以高轉速(約 500-650rpm)提供剪應力以利於分散所有微米粉末。其中耐燃劑氫氧化鎂(Magnesium hydroxide)以 50wt%、60 wt%、65 wt%含量添加於聚乙烯基材內。耐燃劑塑膠複材生胚之機械性質由 SEM、UL94耐然試驗機、萬能拉伸試驗機來評估與比較效果。氫氧化鎂添加達到 60wt%-65wt%其有機會通過 UL-94 V-0耐燃標準,火焰點燃到熄滅約 3秒內就會熄滅,在抗拉強度方面發現耐燃粉末加入 60%以上其抗拉強度約為 20MPa、延伸率約為 17%左右。實驗結果利用雙螺桿混練機製備氫氧化鎂混合低密度聚乙烯已達到 UL-94 V-0耐燃標準,但抗拉強度與延伸率需改善。 |
英文摘要 | There is an increasing concern about the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) with halogen-containing flame retardants in the wire and cable industry. It is worthwhile to investigating the halogen-free flame retardation of PE. Basic requirements of halogen-free compound used in high temperature must pass the flame test of UL94 V-0, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 35, the elongation of 300%, and the tensile stress of 13.8 MPa. Thus the flame retardants and polymer matrix are important to be chosen. In matrix, Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) with excellence in mechanical properties and flame retardancy is candidate as a main matrix in halogen-free compound. In addition, Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA), because of their good ductility and elongation, is added into compound to enhance the elongation. Experiments found that high concentration powders polymer, the twin-screw mixing machine should provide high shear force to facilitate micron powders uniformly distributed in the compound. Magnesium-hydroxide flame retardants, 50wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt% respectively, are added into the compound. Experimental showed that the Magnesium hydroxide with 60wt%-65wt% added into the compound can pass the UL-94 V-0 tests. However, the tensile strength of 20Mpa and elongation of 17% needs to be improved. |
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