頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 中國大陸人民法院判決效力之承認與憲法之訴訟權保障=The Recognition of P.R.China's Civil Judgments and the Right of Access to the Courts |
---|---|
作者 | 王欽彥; | 書刊名 | 成大法學 |
卷期 | 23 2012.06[民101.06] |
頁次 | 頁83-139 |
分類號 | 581.235、581.235 |
關鍵詞 | 外國判決承認; 大陸地區判決; 訴訟權保障; 兩岸人民關係條例第七十四條; 民事訴訟法第四百零二條; 司法獨立; 法官獨立; Right of access to the court; Chinese judgment; Recognition of foreign judgment; Article 74 of Taiwanese-Mainlander Relation Act; Article 402 of Civil Procedure; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 關於法院依兩岸人民關係條例第七十四條規定裁定認可之中國大陸「人民法院」判決之效力,最高法院九十六年台上字第二五三一號判決、九十七年台上字第二二五八號判決、九十七年台上字第二三七六號判決於法解釋上認為經認可後之中國大陸判決僅具執行力而無既判力,引發學界熱烈討論,甚有嚴詞批評者。此問題引發關注,除成為二○○九年律師考題外,並有立委提案於立法院進行修法。惟至目前為止,各界對於承認中國大陸判決效力問題之討論,少有從中國大陸之法院可否提供訴訟權保障之視點加以探討者。本文認為,中華民國憲法保障人民有受獨立法官審判之訴訟權,承認中國大陸人民法院判決是否會損害當事人之訴訟權,應審慎檢討。由於承認外國或中國大陸法院判決制度亦不能違反憲法保障訴訟權之意旨,故「公正而獨立的法院」應該是該制度之前提,但中國大陸「人民法院」於性質上並非如此。且我國學者通說認為若外國判決之法官欠缺中立性與獨立性時,應認為其判決違背我國「公序良俗」不予承認。故結論上認為,雖最高法院之見解不無可議之處,但自保障訴訟權之角度而言,其結果係可資支持。 |
英文摘要 | The SupremeCourt of the Republic of China on Taiwanhas in its recent decisions decided that civil judgments of P.R.China’s Peoples Court are only executablein Taiwan but have no res judicata. This arouses great attention and debate. Many argue that the PRC civil judgments should have res judicata, and some lawmakers have tried to make a law reform to this purpose. However, the existing arguments do not make proper consideration of how the PRC Peoples Courtsfunction. This article attempts to address this issue by revealing the fact that the PRC Peoples Court are controled by the governmental administrative power as well as the Chinese Communist Party, and the Chinese judges are not provided anindependent environment to discharge their duties. This article, after argueing that the ROC Constitution provides people the right of access to the courts and this constitutional right cannot be deprived by the recognition of foreignjudgments, suggests that the decisions of ROC SupremeCourt are sustainable at this point. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。