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題 名 | 從非王卜辭與王卜辭的關係看卜辭中「賈」字的用法=The Operation Method of “GU” According to Relation between Oracle Inscriptions of Ask for the King and Oracle Inscriptions of Do not Ask for the King |
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作 者 | 魏慈德; | 書刊名 | 東華漢學 |
卷 期 | 14 2011.12[民100.12] |
頁 次 | 頁1-20 |
分類號 | 792.2 |
關鍵詞 | 非王卜辭; 花東卜辭; 子族; 賈者; 交換; Gu; Oracle inscriptions of do not ask for the king; Article exchange; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 金文中的「□」字,經李學勤改釋為「賈」後,為大多數的學者所接受,而此字在金文中有名詞與動詞用法,名詞者作「賈者」或「賈國」,動詞者為「交換義」。在甲骨文中「賈」字作「□」、「□」或作不從貝的「□」形,從對貞卜辭內容來看可證其為一字異體。今由金文用法驗諸甲骨卜辭,推測卜辭中「賈」字同樣有名詞與動詞的用法,名詞者為「賈者」,動詞者作「交換」義。不過作為名詞的「賈者」義,並見於王卜辭和非王卜辭中;而作為動詞的「交換」義,目前僅見於非王卜辭中。推測其原因乃是商王作為王朝中諸子族們之共主,接受諸子族們的入貢,無須透過交換來得到物資,故王卜辭中沒有出現卜問王要交換某物之事;而在非王卜辭中因諸子族間並無互相臣屬的關係,其除了有入貢於商王,替商王服力役的義務外,諸子族間還經常透過交換的方式來流通有無,這也是目前在非王卜辭中的「賈」字既有作名詞的「賈者」義,又有作動詞的「交換」義的原因。 |
英文摘要 | This article aims to study the operation method of "Gu," as it is different in Oracle inscriptions of ask for the king and Oracle inscriptions of do not ask for the king. "Gu" can be used as a noun or as a verb, the former referring to a businessman, the latter exchanging articles. There is only usage of nouns in the oracle inscriptions of ask for the king, but there are noun and verb usage in the Oracle inscriptions of do not ask for the king. Because the Shang Dynasty king did not need to obtain articles through exchange, verb usage of "Gu" did not appear in the oracle inscriptions of ask for the king. The duke under an emperor needed to obtain articles through exchange sometimes, so there are noun and verb usage in oracle inscriptions of do not ask for the king. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。