頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 注意力缺陷過動症的成因及治療=The Etiology and Treatments of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder |
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作者姓名(中文) | 楊雨哲; 劉永傑; | 書刊名 | 藥學雜誌 |
卷期 | 27:4=109 2011.12[民100.12] |
頁次 | 頁116-120 |
分類號 | 415.989 |
關鍵詞 | 注意力缺陷過動症; 腦部前額葉神經生理疾病; 過動兒; 精神刺激劑; 選擇性正腎上腺素回收抑制劑; ADHD; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 注意力缺陷過動症 (attention deficit hyperactive disorder;ADHD),是一種腦部前額葉神經生理疾病。本病好發於兒童時期,因此患病兒童又有「過動兒」之稱。症狀可由兒童期一直延伸至成年期。適當的治療有助於兒童學習能力的增加及對未來環境的適應力。ADHD 主要可分為三種亞型,包含注意力不集中型、過動衝動型及混合型。在治療方式上,有藥物及行為治療。藥物治療,第一線藥物為精神刺激劑 (stimulants),成分為 methylphenidate,其中常見的短效藥物為 Ritalin,長效藥物為 Concerta。第二線藥物為選擇性正腎上腺素回收抑制劑 (selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor),成分為 atomoxetine,常見的藥物為 Strattera。在行為治療上,強調兒童良好習慣的養成。由於 ADHD 是一種腦部神經生理疾病,適當的藥物及行為治療,對於 ADHD 症狀的緩解,有良好的助益。 |
英文摘要 | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder among children and adolescents. In childhood, another term to describe the condition is hyperkinetic disorder (HKD). ADHD is characterised by three types of symptoms including inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity and the combinations. In present neurophysiological studies suggest that brain dysfunctions are involved in the central components of the syndrome. Stimulants such as methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) is recognized as the first-line drugs in treatment of ADHD. The nonstimulant such as atomoxetine (Strattera) is used for the second-line drug. Most behavioral treatments mainly focus on rewarding desired behavior and gradually reshape the child's thinking and behavior. Besides, some studies suggest that combining pharmacotherapy and behavioral modifications may provide modest advantages for ADHD symptoms and positive functioning outcomes. |
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