查詢結果分析
來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 馬端臨之封建論與郡縣國家觀=Ma Duanlin's Views on Fengjian Vs. Junxian State Systems |
---|---|
作 者 | 李宗翰; | 書刊名 | 新史學 |
卷 期 | 22:4 2011.12[民100.12] |
頁 次 | 頁5-53 |
分類號 | 630.15 |
關鍵詞 | 馬端臨; 封建; 郡縣; 國家; 社會; 士人; Ma Duanlin; Fengjian; Junxian; State; Society; Literati; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本論文藉由馬端臨之封建與郡縣觀,討論宋元之際士人對國家與社會關係的看法,並以此檢討使用「國家vs.社會」之架構研究宋史的適用性。馬端臨反對復行封建而支持郡縣。他認為封建制須依賴在位者之「公心」方能行之而無弊,然而此一條件三代以後即不復存在,因此郡縣制乃秦漢以後國家體制之唯一選擇。然而郡縣國家對地方社會的掌控力有其先天的局限,也因此馬端臨認為郡縣國家不應過度干涉地方社會的事務,但他仍認為國家應在其能力許可範圍內,領導社會的發展,而社會則應提供優秀士人加入政府。他所設想的國家與社會關係,是一種透過士人而相互補充、相互融合的「國家─士人─社會」關係,這種國家或可稱為「領導型國家」。這種觀念在當時士人中相當普遍。 |
英文摘要 | Focusing on Ma Duanlin's ideas of the fengjian and junxian systems, this article discusses the literati's thinking about state-society relations during the Song-Yuan transition, and on this basis examines the appropriateness of applying a "state vs. society" framework to study Song history. Ma opposed fengjian and supported the junxian system. He argued that the fengjian system required the "impartial mind" of the ruler in order to operate properly, a condition that no longer existed after the Three Dynasties. Junxian thus became the only practical form for political power after the Qin and Han periods. However, as a junxian state's ability to control society had innate limitations, Ma argued that the state should not interfere in society's activities too much. But he still thought that the state should lead society based on its superior capacities, while society should provide capable literati to join the government. The state-society relationship imagined by Ma falls into a harmonious and complementary "state-literati-society" framework. Perhaps we may call this kind of state a "leader state." This concept was popular among the contemporary literati. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。