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題 名 | 東方果實蠅大面積區域防治效果評估模式研究--臺東地區釋迦果園測試=An Assessment on Area-Wide Control of the Oriental Fruit Fly for Sugar Apple in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 高靜華; 黃毓斌; 江明耀; 謝雨蒔; 鄭允; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
卷 期 | 59:4 2010.12[民99.12] |
頁 次 | 頁249-260 |
分類號 | 433.3 |
關鍵詞 | 東方果實蠅; 區域防治; 密度監測; 釋迦; 效果評估; Bactrocera dorsalis; Area-wide control; Sugar apple; Large acreage model; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 自2001年開始籌備試行辦理東方果實蠅之「區域防治」,除了採用傳統的含毒甲基丁香油(90%甲基丁香油+5%乃力松)及蛋白質水解物為防治資材以外,並進行農民組織培訓、設立害蟲密度監測網及劃分防治亞區等工作。全部防治區涵蓋面積約15,000ha,於2003年12月起進行逾4年的區域防治工作。由密度監測資料顯示,台東地區果實蠅密度以西側沿山地區的發生密度偏高,向東延伸至海岸線密度逐漸降低,每年密度高峰期為4-6月及10-12月。實施區域防治以後,2003至2006年果園外果實蠅密度年度變化之遞減率為35.2%。果園內因實施防治,發生密度較果園外低,2003至2006年之密度遞減率為30.8%。15個防治亞區中,最西側之3亞區因鄰近市區,農地多已開發,果實蠅密度極低,2003-2006年之平均密度皆低於10隻/陷阱/日,2006年其中1亞區因田間管理不良,監測發現果實蠅密度急劇上升,經透過加強防治業已改善。北、西及南邊外環12亞區果實蠅密度則較高,且有尚未開發的山區及農林地未納入防治,因此果園內的防治工作在此12亞區極為重要。經實施「區域防治」後,此12亞區果園之果實蠅防治率分別為72.2%、81.3%、82.6%及89.0%,顯示4年中防治率逐年提高;全區每年使用含毒甲基丁香油總量為750-850L,果實蠅密度逐年降低,對農業栽培環境有重大的改善。本研究實施期間對各亞區果實蠅密度發生有詳細的監測與記錄,將各年發生密度依監測資料區分為5個等級,並綜合各亞區發生密度,估算台東地區年平均密度指數(Mean Density Index, MDI),及年平均發生強度(Density Gradient, DG),再依果園外及果園內所得的MDI及DG計算防治率(Control Efficacy, CE),希能藉由此一研究發展出大面積蟲害「區域防治」效果計算之初步模式,並期待未來之研究更能提高評估之精度與解釋能力。 |
英文摘要 | Area-wide control of the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, OFF) in large acreage of sugar apple was planned in 2000, and the control program was initiated in 2003. Major control practices included farmer training, fruit fly monitoring program and male annihilation technique using poisoned methyl eugenol bait. The estimated total control acreage was 15, 000 ha, which was divided into 15 sub-districts; the outskirt area constituted 12 sub-districts and the rest 3 sub-districts were considered as inner circle. The OFF density in both orchard and wild area were monitored every 10 days. Three sub-districts in the inner circle were mostly sugar apple plantation, and no wild area for density monitoring. After implemented the control program for 4 years, the obtained data indicated that there are two high OFF density peaks annually. The first peak occurred from April to June and the second peak was from October to December. The fruit fly density in sugar apple orchard was always lower than the wild region, and the OFF density had a tendency of decreasing year by year. All 3 sub-districts of the inner circle had the lowest fruit fly density, usually lower than 10 flies/trap/day. Most fruit fly control effort was concentrated on the 12 outskirt sub-districts, and only one OFF outbreak had occurred in one of the inner circle sub-districts in 2006, which was quickly detected and controlled. From 2003-2006, the OFF control rate in the outskirt sub-districts were 72.2%, 81.3%, 82.6% and 89.0%, respectively. The results of area-wide OFF control in the sugar apple plantation of Taitung indicated that through the cooperation of farmer's groups, simply by applying 750-850 liters of poisoned methyl eugenol bait a year could effectively reduce the fly density and the preliminary test can further be used to evaluate field control efficacy. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。