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題名 | 東方果實蠅小面積區域防治模式研究(2)--柑橘園之測試=Studies on Small Model Area-wide Control of the Oriental Fruit Fly for Citrus |
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作者姓名(中文) | 黃毓斌; 高靜華; 江明耀; 鄭允; 李木川; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
卷期 | 57:1 2008.03[民97.03] |
頁次 | 頁63-73 |
分類號 | 433.3 |
關鍵詞 | 區域防治; 東方果實蠅; 柑橘; 小面積模式; Area-wide control; Bactrocera dorsalis; Citrus; Small acreage model; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 柑橘爲臺灣重要水果產業,栽培面積逾32,000 ha,長久以來受東方果實蠅Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Oriental fruit fly之威脅。爲有效防治東方果實蠅,農試所於2000年透過臺美農業合作計畫,自夏威夷引進「區域防治」觀念,促成防治工作的轉型。本研究選定嘉義縣大林鎮芎蕉山進行,測試「區域防治」是否可應用於本省小面積柑桔果園,此區爲典型柑橘單作,面積約400 ha,主要種植葡萄柚、甜橙、椪柑及茂谷柑,其它果樹甚少。本所與大林鎮農會合作,整合芎蕉山地區同一產銷班成員約40人,參與防治工作。工作內容是藉由密度監測,搭配誘雄、滅雌等技術以及落實田間清潔等措施,進行區域防治工作。整個時期分成兩階段,第一階段自2005年7月起開始防治,各措施即能有效降低東方果實蠅密度,至2006年2月寄主水果產季結束,工作期大約共8個月;依據第1年實施的經驗,第二階段防治工作更提前於6月開始實施,將高峰期的密度由第一年18隻/陷阱/天,降低至1隻/陷阱/天;經由連續2年的田間監測資料判別顯示,(1)本區並無密度熱點存在;(2)全區果園管理良好,且無外來果實蠅族群再入侵之問題;(3)在落實「區域防治」工作後,有效的壓制果實蠅密度,即使未實施果實套袋保護,受害率僅約0.35%;(4)農民主動停止使用農藥防治果實蠅,每年節省農藥成本新臺幣約140萬元(美金約4萬3千元),除提昇栽培環境的安全外,亦減少收穫果實之農藥殘留問題。由本研究中更瞭解生產組織辦理共同防治時,其經濟利益的誘因是「區域防治」成功的重要條件,此柑橘園區域防治成功的模式對本省廣大的柑橘生產區及其他果樹栽培區具指標性的意義,未來若能擴大田間示範觀摩及加強宣導應用,可積極提升水果產業的產值。 |
英文摘要 | Citrus is a very important fruit crop in Taiwan with an acreage of more than 32,000 ha, however, the threat from the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, OFF) is a constant problem. Current OFF control program started in 1959 for the purpose of protecting the citrus for export, and control of OFF has been on the priority list. Following the success of area-wide control of OFF in sugar apply (in Taitung) and wax apple (in Juan-Nan), practical test on citrus becomes urgent. Da-Lin Township of Chia-Yi County was selected because citrus is the only fruit crop grown in this area. With the corporation of growers from Da-Lin, an area-wide OFF control program was launched in 2005, which included measures such as geographic and agricultural information gathering. OFF population monitoring, male annihilation by methyl eugenol bait and protein food bait to kill and lure female OFF. The 400 ha test area covering 120 ha citrus orchards started the control program since early June of 2005, and the OFF population was greatly reduced to less than one fly per trap per day. No hot spots were found due to alternative hosts of OFF was rarely existed in this area. The citrus production in Da-Lin was not subjected to bagging as it was done to the wax apple or sugar apple. As such, the OFF damage rate was assessed directly. By sampling the citrus fruits from three orchards, 0.35% damage rate was obtained. Another benefit of this program was no insecticide spray needed. Reduction of OFF damage minimized the cost of insecticide spray and residual problem, which also improved the quality of citrus fruits and the environment in which farmers re routinely working. For two consecutive years, the saving of insecticide spray was estimated at 1.4 million NT dollars (US$ 44,343) per year. It is also observed that economic motivation and farmer education were essential to a successful area-wide control program. The small acreage model in citrus is of vital importance because there are a number of similar production areas like Da-Lin in Taiwan, and field demonstration on area-wide OFF control to other citrus growers will be initiated in the near future. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。