頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 嘉南地區柯氏食菌瓢蟲季節性發生、取食對象、生活史及瓜類白粉病防治潛力評估=Seasonal Occurrence, Hosts, Life History and the Biocontrol Potential of a Mycophagus Ladybird Illeis koebelei (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Halyziini) in Southern Taiwan |
---|---|
作 者 | 宋一鑫; 吳雅芳; 林明瑩; 陳昇寬; | 書刊名 | 臺灣昆蟲 |
卷 期 | 30:4 2010.12[民99.12] |
頁 次 | 頁247-261 |
分類號 | 433.3 |
關鍵詞 | 食菌瓢蟲; 白粉病; 季節性發生; 生物防治潛力; Mycophagus ladybird; Powdery mildew; Seasonal occurrence; Biocontrol potential; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究調查柯氏食菌瓢蟲 (Illeis koebelei) 在台灣南部地區之取食對象及發生生態,調查柯氏食菌瓢蟲在田間棲息於11種罹白粉病植物,該植物為大波斯菊、王瓜、台灣欒樹、向日葵、阿勃勒、柿子、洋香瓜、桑樹、破布子、辣椒及蟾除草,其中柿子、阿勃勒與破布子因罹白粉病的期間差異可能是柯氏食菌瓢蟲之主要棲息植物。調查該蟲幾乎週年性發生,9月在夏秋交際時開始在柿子葉片及果實上發生,11月至隔年3月底普遍出現在許多罹患白粉病植物上,4月後氣溫昇高數量逐漸減少,夏季白粉病不易發生之逆境下,較容易在破布子植株上發現成蟲。該蟲取食之白粉病菌病原有Bulbouncinula、Leveillula、Oidium、Ovulariopsis、Phyllactinia及Podosphaera等6個屬。在實驗室中飼養觀察,成蟲產成批卵。1齡幼蟲灰色,體表具塊狀黑斑及長刺毛;2~4齡幼蟲體表顏色加深,體表具短刺毛;蛹白黃色,各體節具塊狀黑斑;成蟲前胸節乳白色,具兩塊狀黑斑,翅鞘鮮黃色。在日溫24℃與夜溫20℃條件下,卵平均發育3.3天;幼蟲期為10.4天;蛹期4.4天;成蟲期為13.3天。4齡幼蟲與成蟲平均食菌速率顯著大於前3齡幼蟲,分別為每小時1.02及1.75立方公分。評估該蟲可適合於防治有機栽培瓜類及果樹作物白粉病,預估在200平方公尺之設施有機栽培園中,理想的野放成蟲總隻數約12,000~15,000隻。 |
英文摘要 | Eleven plants infected with powdery mildew disease were found as hosts of a mycophagus ladybird Illeis koebelei in Southern Taiwan. These plants were chilli, cummingcordia, flamegold-rain tree, garden cosmos, golden shower tree, Indian heliotrope, Japanese snake gourd, melon, mulberry, persimmon, and sunflower. Among them, persimmon, golden shower tree, and cummingcordia powdery mildew fungi were important foods of I. koebelei. The ladybird was found year-round, initially on persimmon leaves during late summer and autumn, and later on golden shower tree, sunflowers and cummingcordia, etc., feeding on powdery mildew from November to next April. Only adults were observed on cummingcordia leaves when powdery mildew was scarce in hot season. I. koebelei fed on 6 fungus genera; namely, Bulbouncinula, Leveillula, Oidium, Ovulariopsis, Phyllactinia, and Podosphaera. Moreover, powdery mildew of Podosphaera on melon and pumpkin leaves were used for the mass-rearing for I. koebelei. Females laid batch eggs on plant leaves. The body of the first instar larva was grayish with blackish spots, and long setae on dorsal segments. Larvae of second to fourth instar were grayer and yellower with darker spots but short setae. Pupa had blackish spots on each dorsal segment with whitish thorax and yellowish abdomen. Adult had two blackish spots on the whitish thorax with elytra entirely yellowish. The mean developmental time in days for the egg was 3.3, larva 10.4, pupa 4.4, and adult 13.3. The 4th instar larvae and adults had higher feeding rate than the first to third instar larvae, with 1.02 cm^2/hour for the 4th instar larva and 1.75 cm^2/hour for adult. Based on the preliminary results, it is estimated that a release of 12,000-15,000 adults could be adequate for the control of powdery mildew on organic cucurbits in a 200 m^2 culture under structure. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。