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題 名 | 蟲生真菌Nomuraea viridulus之生物學探討=Biological Characteristics of the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Nomuraea viridulus |
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作 者 | 彭馨儀; 簡巧治; 蕭文鳳; | 書刊名 | 臺灣昆蟲 |
卷 期 | 30:2 2010.06[民99.06] |
頁 次 | 頁145-165 |
分類號 | 379.1、379.1 |
關鍵詞 | 蟲生真菌; 酵素; 殺蟲劑; 殺菌劑; Nomuraea viridulus; Enzymes; Insecticides; Fungicides; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本論文探討一種蟲生真菌 Nomuraea viridulus 之生物特性,本菌在溫度 15~ 35o C 範圍內皆可生長,最適生長條件為 25o C 下以 SMA+Y (Sabouraud’s maltose agar with yeast extract) 培養基培養,其產孢量及發芽率為最高,液體震盪培養以 pH 7 其菌絲乾重為最重,碳素源中以麥芽糖 (maltose) 其產孢量為最高、氮素源以 蛋白腖 (peptone) 其產孢量為最高。於 25o C 下培養可同時產生蛋白酶 (protease)、 脂解酶 (lipase)、幾丁質酶 (chitinase) 及澱粉酶 (amylase) 等酵素;另以 API ZYM 系統檢測胞外酵素活性,結果顯示並未偵測到脂肪分解酶 (lipase (C14))、胰蛋白酶 (trypsin)、胰凝乳蛋白酶 (chymotrypsin)、β-葡萄糖苷酸酶 (β-glucuronidase)、 α-葡萄糖苷酶 (α-glucosidase) 及 α-岩藻糖苷酶 (α-fucosidase),其他 13 種酶 皆有活性呈現,表示本菌能分泌多種不同的胞外酵素。本菌經殺蟲劑及殺菌劑處理 18 天後,結果顯示殺菌劑免賴得 (benomyl) 50% WP、腈硫醌 (dithianon) 22.7% SC、 撲克拉錳 (prochloraz Mn) 50% WP 及多寧 (dodine) 65% WP 皆會抑制其生長;十 一種殺蟲劑中僅加保利 (carbaryl) 85% WP 與培丹 (cartap) 50% WP 其毒性極強 會抑制本菌生長,納乃得 (methomyl) 90% WP、益達胺 (imidacloprid) 9.6% SL、 芬普尼 (fipronil) 4.95% FP 及窄域油 (narrow range oil) 99% EC 則會降低產孢 量,阿巴汀 (abamectin) 2% EC、加保扶 (carbofuran) 40.64% SC、賽洛寧 (cyhalothrin) 2.8% EC、丁基加保扶 (carbosulfan) 40% WP 及大滅松 (dimethoate) 44% EC 等 殺蟲劑加入仍有 2 × 106 conidia/mL 以上產孢量。以十一種昆蟲測試致病性之結果 顯示僅有紅脈熊蟬 (Crytotympana atrata) 以爬行於真菌固體培養基的方式接種才 受感染,感染率 25%,顯示本菌的寄主範圍相當狹小。 |
英文摘要 | This study investigated the biological characteristics of entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea viridulus. The mycelial growth of N. viridulus range from 15 to 35o C and the optimum temperature for sporulation and germination was found at 25o C. The optimum growth of this fungus was when it was cultured on SMA+Y medium; at pH 7, with maltose as the carbon source, and peptone as the nitrogen source, respectively. Hydrolyte enzymes such as protease, lipase, chitinase and amylase, were present when tested with a specific culture media at 25o C. However, the activities of lipase (C14), trypsin, chymotrypsin, βglucuronidase, α-glucosidase and α-fucosidase were not detected using the API ZYM assay. Nomuraea viridulus did not grow on media containing fungicides such as 50% benomyl WP, 22.7% dithianon SC, 50% prochloraz Mn WP or 65% Dodine WP, or those containing insecticides such as 85% carbaryl WP or 50% cartap WP. However, when inoculated with more than 2 × 106 conidia/mL, the fungus appeared on media containing the insecticides, e.g., 2% abamectin EC, 40.64% carbofuran SC, 2.8% cyhalothrin EC, 40% carbosulfan WP or 44% dimethoate EC, at 12 days after inoculation. When cultured on media containing 90% methomyl WP, 9.6% imidacloprid SL, 4.95% fipronil FP, or 99% narrow range oil EC resulted in a poor production of conidia. Only one cicada, Cryptotympana atrata, among 11 insects assayed was infected with N. viridulus causing ca. 25% mortality, indicating that N. viridulus has a narrow host range. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。