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題名 | 應用水蚤急毒性試驗及行為反應模式評估界面活性劑及殺蟲劑=The Application of Surfactants and Pesticides on Acute Toxicity and Phototactic Swimming Behavior Model in Aquatic Animal (Daphnia pulex) |
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作者 | 張時獻; 盧啟元; 李明偉; 李宣信; 許晉誠; 王凱淞; Chang, Shih-hsien; Lu, Chi-yuan; Lee, Ming-wei; Lee, Shiuan-shinn; Hsu, Chin-chen; Wang, Kai-sung; |
期刊 | 中山醫學雜誌 |
出版日期 | 20091200 |
卷期 | 20:2 2009.12[民98.12] |
頁次 | 頁125-142 |
分類號 | 418.8 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 圓水蚤; 界面活性劑; 殺蟲劑; 泳動軌跡; Daphnia pulex; Surfactant; Pesticide; Swimming track; |
中文摘要 | 目的:本研究藉由自行發展之圓水蚤(Daphnia pulex)泳動行為模式觀察系統,改良舊有之影像記錄方式,分析圓水蚤接觸有毒物質;界面活性劑及殺蟲劑後,泳動軌跡與泳動速度改變的現象。 方法:設計圓水蚤泳動行為模式觀察系統,使用高畫素之數位相機記錄圓水蚤泳動軌跡,於固定時間截取圓水蚤之泳動軌跡並利用畫素(Pixel)定量圓水蚤泳動速度,運用 Image J V3.6 中之破碎維度 (Fractal dimension) 與 Box counting method 估算,並採用 ANOVA 統計分析。 結果:研究結果顯示圓水蚤接觸界面活性劑於試驗時間 0、30、60 分鐘可觀察到泳動行為快速 (約111,000 pixel),路徑接近直線,與控制組 (緩慢;約 50,100 pixel,路徑成拋物線)有明顯之差距。圓水蚤接觸殺蟲劑後,於試驗時間 15 分內即可觀察到其泳動速度有明顯之加速 (約70,750 pixel),且路徑接近直線到達亮點,觀察於暴露試驗時間一開始時,圓水蚤泳動速度即呈現出劑量效應之趨勢。分析軌跡之 FD (Fractal dimension) 值比較界面活性劑 (Df=1.67)、殺蟲劑(Df=1.53),經過統計分析 (ANOVA) 結果顯示殺蟲劑相較 於界面活性劑,其對於圓水蚤之泳動軌跡有顯著之差距 (P<0.001)。 結論:本研究所自行設計之圓水蚤泳動行為模式經由以上試驗結果之分析證實,可提高偵測水中不同化學物質(界面活性劑及殺蟲劑)之敏感度。圓水蚤泳動行為模式觀察系統,可詳細記錄分析圓水蚤之行為模式,在短時間(15分鐘)內即可評估水體是否 遭受汙染,對於運用圓水蚤泳動行為模式試驗有毒物質可做為反應時間之參考。 |
英文摘要 | The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of two different regimens--MMC (MMC=mitomycin C)/FT-207 (FT-07=fluorouracil (1000mg)) and sequential MTX MTX=methotrexate)/CDDP (CDDP=cisplatin)/ LV (LV=leucovorin)/5-FU (5-FU=fluorouracil (500mg))-for the system chemotherapeutic treatment of 65 patients with resected stage III colorectal cancer, and followed up for a median of 49.9 months. Our outcome measures were survival rate, serum albumin as an indicator of nutritional status, toxicities, and quality of life. We found no difference in efficacy and toxicity between the two regimens. They had a similar 5-year survival rate. We also found no difference in nutrition status (albumin) or overall difference in toxicities, as evidenced by similar WBC counts and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratios. The two treatment groups had comparable quality of life scores and a similar level of satisfaction with their treaments. Although we found not substantive differences in these measures, sequential MTX/LV/CDDP/5-FU might be preferred in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer because the treatment period is shorter with a more regular administration of medications, which should make it a more tolerable regimen. In conclusion, when two regimens are equally effective, then the more preferable one would be the most tolerable one with which most patients would be most likely comply. This would heighten the patients’ openness to further evaluation and treatment. |
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