頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 五色鳥取食4種臺灣原生樹種果實對其種子發芽的影響=Effects of Fruit Ingestion by Taiwan Barbet (Megalaima nuchalis) on Seed Germination for Four Native Tree Species in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 葛兆年; 陳舜英; 陳銘瑝; | 書刊名 | 臺灣林業科學 |
卷 期 | 29:Suppl 2014.12[民103.12] |
頁 次 | 頁s27-s39 |
分類號 | 434.28 |
關鍵詞 | 五色鳥; 種子發芽; 種子傳播; 消化道作用; 去抑制效應; 施肥效應; Megalaima nuchalis; Seed germination; Seed dispersal; Gut passage; Deinhibition effect; Fertilization effect; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為了釐清五色鳥("Megalaima nuchalis")消化道及排遺對4種台灣常見原生樹種如榕樹("Ficus microcarpa")、雀榕("Ficus superba var. japonica")、茄苳("Bischofia javanica")及樟樹("Cinnamomom camphora")種子發芽的影響,2012年11月至2014年2月進行五色鳥餵食及種子發芽試驗。本研究將榕樹等4種果實進行水洗、水洗及磨蝕種皮,餵食五色鳥後不清洗或清洗排遺等處理,並以新鮮果實作為對照組,分別於30/20℃及25/15℃等2種環境溫度下進行發芽試驗,惟樟樹僅在30/20℃試驗。溫度比較結果顯示:雀榕及茄苳種子適合之發芽溫度範圍較廣,在日溫30℃至夜溫15℃都有高發芽率及短發芽時間;而榕樹種子發芽率在25/15℃較低且發芽時間較久。兩種溫度下的茄苳、30/20℃的榕樹、樟樹及25/15℃的雀榕,其種子在水洗後的發芽率都顯著比新鮮果實即播要高,表示這4種樹種的果肉對種子發芽應有抑制的作用。所有樹種果實經過五色鳥消化道後的種子與水洗處理的種子發芽率沒有顯著差異,但除了樟樹在五色鳥消化道未清洗的種子發芽率較低以外,此結果說明五色鳥的消化道能夠去除4種樹種的果肉以促進種子發芽。水洗及磨蝕種皮的種子與水洗的種子發芽率相較,僅在樟樹有顯著差異,表示樟樹種子之種皮應有阻礙種子發芽的作用,而經過五色鳥消化道的種子發芽率低於水洗及磨蝕種皮的種子發芽率,表示五色鳥消化道沒有打破樟樹種子因種皮所引起的休眠。總結以上結果,兩種榕屬樹種及茄苳之種子發芽有受果肉抑制,樟樹種子則同時受果肉及種皮抑制發芽;而五色鳥消化道對這4種樹種種子發芽的促進機制是去除果肉的抑制效應,但並沒有磨蝕種皮的作用。五色鳥排遺對榕樹、雀榕及茄苳的種子發芽沒有影響,但不能忽視其對樟樹種子施肥效應的可能性,建議後續進行試驗加以檢驗之。 |
英文摘要 | To clarify the effects of gut passage and feces of the Taiwan Barbet, "Megalaima nuchalis", on seed germination, bird feeding and germination experiments were conducted for 4 native and commonly distributed tree species, "Ficus microcarpa", "Ficus superba var. japonica", "Bischofia javanica" and "Cinnamomum camphora", between November 2012 and February 2014. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments including washing the pulp, washing the pulp and scarifying the seed coat, not washing the feces, and washing the feces after the seeds had passed through the bird's gut. Intact fruits were used for the control. Seeds and fruits of the 4 tree species were separated into 2 different germination temperatures of 30/20 and 25/15℃, except that those of "C. camphora" were only treated at 30/20℃. "Ficus superba var. japonica" and "B. javanica" had high germination percentages and short germination times in a wide range of temperatures, i.e., 30℃ during the daytime to 15℃ at night. On the other hand, "F. microcarpa" had a lower germination percentage and longer germination time at 25/15℃ compared to 30/20℃. Compared to intact fruits, washed seeds of "B. javanica" at the 2 germination temperatures, "F. microcarpa" at 30/20℃, "C. camphora" at 30/20℃, and F. superba var. japonica at 25/15℃ exhibited significantly higher abilities to germinate. The results indicated an inhibitory effect on seed germination from the pulps of the 4 tree species. Compared to washed seeds, seeds passing through Taiwan's barbet's gut showed no significantly different germinability, except that fewer "C. camphora" gut-passed seeds germinated than washed seeds. The results indicate that the Taiwan Barbet's gut may remove pulp from around seeds of these 4 tree species and minimize the inhibitory effect of the pulp on seed germination. Compared to washed seeds, the germinability of washed and scarified seeds was higher for "C. camphora", which indicated that the seed coat of "C. camphora" precluded the seeds from germinating. The Taiwan Barbet's gut apparently did not change the seed coat of "C. camphora", which was suggested by the germinability of seeds passing through the barbet's gut being lower than that of washed and scarified seeds. To sum up, seed germination of "F. microcarpa", F. superba var. japonica, and "B. javanica" was inhibited by their pulp, and that of "C. camphora" was inhibited by the pulp and the seed coat. Passage through the Taiwan Barbet's gut may facilitate seed germination of these 4 tree species by eliminating the inhibitory effect of the pulp but not by scarifying the seed coat. The bird's feces had no apparent effects on seed germination of "F. microcarpa", F. superba var. japonica, or "B. javanica"; however, a possible fertilization effect on seeds of "C. camphora" should not be neglected, which suggests the need for a follow-up study. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。