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題名 | 高頻率注氣/產氣對注氣井套管水泥封固疲乏破壞影響研究=Investigating the Influence of High Frequency Gas Injection and Withdrawal on the Casing/Cement Bonding Fatigue of Gas Injection Wells |
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作者 | 吳柏裕; 陳志豪; 王建力; 林再興; 范振暉; | 書刊名 | 石油季刊 |
卷期 | 44:1 2008.03[民97.03] |
頁次 | 頁1-21 |
分類號 | 457.8 |
關鍵詞 | 注氣井; 套管水泥; 界面疲乏破壞; 有限元素分析; Gas injection well; Casing; Cement; Interface fatigue failure; Finite element analysis; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 台灣中油公司1990年初開始進口液化天然氣,於1990年12月間開始將多餘之進口天然氣輸送到鐵砧山氣田注氣井注存,1999年又新鑽六口4.5吋油管之注氣井。注氣時將較低溫天然氣輸入氣層,產氣時因降壓氣體膨脹吸熱亦使儲氣層溫度下降,因此注氣及產氣之循環操作,都會使儲氣層經歷溫度變化。若注氣與產氣循環操作頻率密集,套管與水泥之封固界面顯然須考慮長期不等量脹縮之疲乏破壞問題。 本研究已建立一套測試套管水泥封固結合界面因溫度變化循環造成疲乏破壞之試驗系統,並於30~110℃與80~110℃兩種溫度範圍時,進行 SqueezeCRETE微粒水泥套管水泥封固疲乏試驗,試驗結果顯示,套管熱膨脹係數為封固疲乏破壞重要影響因素,在30~110℃變溫範圍時,40公分長水泥段差壓300psig,很快即無法維持封固差壓,在循環20次後,封固差壓迅速降到約50Psig, 102次即已完全連通。在80~110℃溫度範圍時,40公分長水泥段差壓300Psig,經2,520次循環後封固差壓雖稍下降,仍能維持約 263Psig。顯示在溫度變化之溫差在80~110℃間可維持長久之封固效果,若以每週注產循環一次,一年52週計,可注產操作45年以上仍無封固疲乏破壞之虞。本研究亦另以ANSYS有限元素軟體建立套管水泥封固疲乏試驗數值分析技術,可求出相關之應力強度因子與應變能量釋放率,供進行套管水泥封固界面疲乏破壞之壽命預測。 |
英文摘要 | The Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been imported into Taiwan by CPC Corp., Taiwan since 1990. It was a surplus of imported LNG to be transported and injected into Tie-Chen-Shan Gas Storage Field in December, 1990. Six new 4.5 inches gas injection wells were drilled and completed in 1999. The surface natural gas with lower temperature was injected into gas storage formation. The gas well formation temperature will also be reduced due to gas expansion when the gas was produced from the formation. Therefore, the fluctuation of gas formation temperature will occur because of gas withdrawal and injection. For the frequent operation of gas withdrawal and injection of gas well, the long-term fatigue of casing/cement bonding should be studied. The test system in the laboratory was established to investigate the long-term fatigue failure of casing/cement bonding due to temperature fluctuation. SqueezeCRETE microcement/Casing bonding fatigue tests were performed, for both 30~110℃ and 80~110℃ temperature fluctuation cases. The results show that the thermal expansion coefficients of materials are the key factor of bonding fatigue failure. For the 30~110℃ temperature fluctuation case, 40 cm cement sheathe with 300 psig differential pressure soon fail to withstand differential pressure, it rapidly downs to 50 psig after 20 temperature fluctuation cycles and finally completely communicate after 102 cycles. For the 80~110℃ temperature fluctuation case, the same 40 cm cement sheathe with 300 psig differential pressure quite succeed in withstanding differential pressure, it only downs to 263 psig after 2,520 temperature fluctuation cycles. Obviously, lower temperature fluctuation range can keep casing/cement sealing longer. For gas well injection/withdrawl cycle with one time per week under 80~110 ℃ temperature fluctuation, it can operate more than 45 years without casing/cement bonding failure problem. A numerical analysis technique using ANSYS for casing/cement bonding fatigue study was also established. Using this numerical analysis tool, both the stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate can be evaluated to predict the fatigue life of casing/cement bonding. |
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