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題 名 | 「每個議題都是女性議題」--美國女選民聯盟的女性主義, 1960-1974=“Every Issue is a Woman's Issue”: The Feminism of the League of Women Voters, 1960-1974 |
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作 者 | 俞彥娟; | 書刊名 | 新史學 |
卷 期 | 18:1 2007.03[民96.03] |
頁 次 | 頁121-168 |
分類號 | 544.5 |
關鍵詞 | 女性主義; 女權; 人權; 美國女選民聯盟; 美國婦女運動; Feminism; Women's rights; Human rights; The League of women voters; American women's movement; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 一九九○年代以來,史家研究美國第二波婦女運動提出新的分期和詮釋,重新定義女性主義和婦女運動,將非自我宣稱 (self-proclaimed) 女性主義者的活動納入。這些人雖不宣稱是女性主義者,也不用女性主義旗幟,卻對提升美國女性地位和權益有很大貢獻,而且同時處理種族、階級、性別多重歧視的問題。 女選民聯盟(The League of Women Voters, LWV)(下面簡稱「聯盟」) 是第一波婦運的產物,在1920年從全美婦女投票權協會 (National American Women Suffrage Association, NAWSA) 轉型而來。美國女性得到投票權後,聯盟逐漸放棄女性主義政治,宣稱自己不是女性主義者,而是公益團體和女性志工團體。但是,聯盟對美國女性參政和提升女性地位有相當貢獻。 本文檢視從第二波婦女運動的萌芽到興盛時期 (大約1960到1974年間) 聯盟與婦運的關係,來探討聯盟的女性主義內涵與基本思想。一方面從聯盟與婦運的互動,比較聯盟和主流婦運的女性主義思想;另一方面從聯盟的活動與議題,瞭解其女性主義立場。本論文共分成七部分。前言之後第二部分簡述聯盟的發展、特點和重要性。第三部分從女性主義定義來分析聯盟是不是女性主義者。第四部分從平權修正案看聯盟的女性主義。第五部分從對婦女運動的回應分析聯盟的女性主義。第六部分從議題和活動看聯盟的女性主義。最後是結論。 |
英文摘要 | There have been several developments in the research on the history of the second American women's movement since the 1990s. One of the changes is to pay more attention to those women and organizations who did not call themselves feminists. These women usually dealt with multiple oppressions at the same time, such as race, class, and gender. Thus gender was often only one among many issues in their agenda. However, their contribution to the enhancement of American women's status did not previously receive enough attention from historians of the women's movement. The League of Women Voters (LWV) is one such women's organizations. Although the LWV was directly transformed from the National American Women Suffrage Association in 1920, it had abandoned women's rights as its primary goal in the 1950s. It called itself an organization of public interest or a women's voluntary association. Its members committed themselves to the causes of human rights and were concerned with the welfare of all oppressed people. Based on the philosophy of "representative government" and "the responsibility of individual citizens to be active and informed participants in the democratic process," the LWV continued to work on voter information and citizenship training. In addition, through nonpartisanship, the LWV lobbied aggressively for national and international causes after conducting rigorous study and reaching a consensus. Its motto was "every issue is a woman's issue." This article examines the feminism of the LWV between 1960 and 1974, roughly from the beginning of the second women's movement through is high point. On the one hand, I compare feminist ideas of the LWV and of the mainstream women's movement. On the other hand, I examine the agendas and activities of the LWV to understand its feminist stance. Through investigating the content of the League's feminism, I hope to shed some light on the diversity and complexity of American feminism and its women's movement. After the introduction, I briefly introduce the history, characteristics, and importance of the League. Then I analyze how the term "feminist" became so problematic to League Members, and I introduce two definitions of feminism offered by historians. In the final three sections, I highlight the League's feminist ideas through examining its changing positions toward the Equal rights Amendment, its responses and reactions to the women's movement, and its "human resource" program. Finally, I conclude that the LWV carried on their tradition of social feminism which did not limited their scope to women's issues only. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。