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題 名 | Development of Vaccines against Influenza A Virus (H5N1)=禽流感 (H5N1) 疫苗的研發 |
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作 者 | 李文珍; 黃玉成; | 書刊名 | 長庚醫學 |
卷 期 | 30:4 2007.07-08[民96.07-08] |
頁 次 | 頁294-304 |
分類號 | 418.293 |
關鍵詞 | 全球性大流行; H5N1流感病毒; 疫苗; 反轉錄基因學; Pandemic; Influenza; H5N1; Vaccine; Reverse genetics; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 20世紀人類曾歷經三次流形性感冒病毒大流行,其中最著明的就是1918年左右的疫情,估計將近五千萬人因此死亡。本世紀人類面臨另一個禽流感病毒 H5N1 的威脅;2006 年它擴展領土,從亞洲、中東、非洲,襲捲到歐洲,已造成超過 150 名人類死亡。科學家以數學模式模擬流感流行,大流形期前,七成以上的預防注射能結合抗病毒藥物,發揮最有效的控制疫情功效。目前為了因應全球大流行的威脅,在世界衛生組織的主導之下,H5N1疫苗正在全世界頂尖研究機構進行研發與臨床試驗。運用反轉基因技術製成之去活性全病毒疫苗或是添加輔劑之單位病毒疫苗,將是最有希望成為最早通過認證的人類 H5N1 疫苗。然而,許多問題仍考驗著我們 :H5 抗原普遍無法在未層接觸過的人類產生有效抗體, 需仰賴高劑量抗原或多次注射達成免疫;目前臨床試驗的 對象均為健康的成年人,對於易受流感之害的免疫不全者、嬰幼兒及老年人是否有效,仍然未知;疫苗製造商是否願意投資大量金錢及風險,及能否在短時間內製造大量疫苗供應全球,都是迫在眉睫急需解決的問題。未來,積極研發新疫苗的技術,例如加入新的輔劑,減少抗原劑量或輔劑帶來的副作用,腺病毒載體及 DNA 疫苗等,將是預防下一個世紀流感疫病的重要努力方向。 |
英文摘要 | Three influenza pandemics took place during the 20th century, including the 1918 pandemic, which killed an estimated 50 million people. We are facing the threat of another pandemic, which may be caused by an A/H5N1 influenza virus. These viruses have expanded their territory from Asia to the Middle East, Africa and Europe and have caused more than 190 human deaths up to the present. Vaccines in response to this pandemic threat are currently under development. Reverse-genetics-based inactivated whole-virion vaccines and adjuvanted split-virion vaccines are undergoing clinical trials and are among possible candidates to be approved as H5N1 vaccines for human beings. Problems, including low immunogenicity in the generally naive human population, a lack of data on these vaccines in relation to immunocompromised patients, young children and the elderly and the currently limited global capacity to manufacture influenza vaccines, all need to be resolved. Several innovative approaches, such as the use of novel adjuvants, an antigen-sparing policy and the use of adenoviral-vector-based or DNA vaccines, are being used to develop more efficient vaccines. Every effort should be made to shorten the gap that remains and improve greatly influenza pandemic vaccine access. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。