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題 名 | 團隊情境中個人決策偏誤之處方模式=The Intervention Model of Individual Decision Biases in Group Context |
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作 者 | 李怡穎; 陳怡靜; 楊家裕; | 書刊名 | 中州學報 |
卷 期 | 24 民95.12 |
頁 次 | 頁113-128 |
分類號 | 494.542 |
關鍵詞 | 個人決策偏誤; 資訊處理觀點; 魔鬼擁護法; 電子媒介溝通; Individual decision biases; Information processing; Devil's advocacy; Computer-mediated communication; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 當決策者面對高度動態、非結構化、多重目標、高度風險以及時間壓力時容易產生決策偏誤。從資訊處理觀點來看,決策者產生偏誤的原因在於個人選擇性知覺、有限資訊處理能力及記憶所限制。行為決策理論指出受制於有限理性與認知能力,決策者容易產生代表性捷思、可獲性捷思以及定錯與修正捷思。但是,過度簡化資訊容易造成決策偏誤。針對決策偏誤,過去干預技術多由個人與任務層次介入改善,如詳述任務特性、給予決策者回饋、額外的訓練或是替換不過任的決策者等方式。隨著組織扁平化及個人決策風險分散觀點,越來越多組織傾向使用團隊制定決策。使用團隊的優點在於整合異質成員的多重觀點與資訊,透過團隊成員互動過程,激發個人潛能。然而團隊互動亦可能抑制決策成效,如團隊迷思、搭便車等情形。相較於個人決策,團隊決策過程中,決策者會受到團隊互動過程的影響,因此干預技術不能單由個人層次或任務屬性介入,需納入團隊情境因素。基於上述,本研究由團隊層次探討團隊情境對個人決策偏誤之影響,並且提出可行的團隊處方。 |
英文摘要 | Individual decision making tends to be biased when individuals are in a situation thar is highly-dynamic/uncertain, unstructured, multi-goal-bound, time-pressed, highly-risked, and highly-constrained, such as that is often occurred in an organization. The biases are usually due to personal selective perception, individual serial processing, limited processing capacity, limited memory, or individual task-reliance. To avoid individual decision making biases, more and more organizations take into consideration the rigorous potential of "group" decision making. This conceptual paper gives a retrospect on how group context facilitate or inhibit three types of individual decision making heuristic and bias. This paper also reviews literatures regarding the intervention or treatment of these biases. To summarize, part intervention research placed much emphasis on the individual-task levels, including detailed description and reminding of tasks, feedback for decision-makers, extra training, displacement of un-appropriate decision-makers, etc. Nevertheless, recent research has speculated the group-individual interaction from information processing perspective to lessen those biases. The authors present an overview of this issue and identify plausible group contexts that have impact on individual decision making biases including group communication media and group discussion methods. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。