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題名 | 油砂在石油供需市場的角色 |
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作 者 | 張憶琳; 陳發林; | 書刊名 | 能源季刊 |
卷期 | 36:3 民95.07 |
頁次 | 頁18-28 |
分類號 | 457.2 |
關鍵詞 | 油砂; 非傳統石油; 合成原油; Oil sands; Unconventional oil; Synthetic crude oil; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 從前加拿大人視為「油垢」(Tar Sands)的油砂(Oil Sands),現在成為具有成本效益、可以保障國際能汵安全的蘊藏豐沛油源。2003年,美國能源部能源資訊署(Energy Information Administration, EIA)以及Oil and Gas際期刊,正式承認加拿大砂可帶來之巨大原油蘊藏量,使得加拿大由全球第21大原蘊藏國家一躍維持於每桶50美上時,將取代沙烏地阿拉伯成為全球原油蘊藏量第1位。雖然2030年加拿大油砂預估日產量500萬桶,僅足供北美地區16%的原油需求,或不到5%的全球需求。但是在石油市場所講究的地緣政治與能源安全戰上,由於加拿大不屬於OPEC成員,無須受該組織束縛,徵成主要產油國中的關鍵少數,在北美區緎能源安全上更具有重要意義。雖然如此,油砂開採的高耗能與大量資金成本,以及對環境生態的重大衡擊,都有可能影響油砂未來的成長與發展。 |
英文摘要 | Oil sands sued to be called “tar sands”, yet recently are considered as valuable oil resources, especially for regional energy security concerns. In 2003, Energy Information Administration of DOE, United States and Oil and Gas Journal, both recognized Canada’s oil sands crude oil reserves as around 197 billion barrels, which let Canada substitute Iran as second place in world oil reserves. In Venezuela’s case, when the world oil price remains above 50 US dollars per barrel, its oil reserves for extra heavy oil should be taken into account. Venezuela will then be ranked at first place in the world oil reserves by country. In spite of the rich reserves, the crude oil production from Canadian oil sands is expected to be 5 million barrels per day by 2030. It only accounts for 16% of demand by North America region, or less than 5% global demand. Furthermore, intensive energy consumption in production processes, high capital cost, and environmental impacts might prevent oil sands from further development. Therefore, technology innovation, primary energy use switch, and green house gases reduction technologies applications are needed for specific approaches to maintain the rproduction growth for the oil sands business. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。