頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 茶枝枯病病原菌及其生理特性之探討=Study of the Causal Pathogens of Tea Dieback Disease |
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作者 | 林秀穗; | 書刊名 | 臺灣茶業研究彙報 |
卷期 | 25 民95.11 |
頁次 | 頁1-15 |
分類號 | 434.818 |
關鍵詞 | 茶樹; 茶枝枯病; 病原性; Macrophoma屬; Camellia sinensis; Tea die-back; Pathogenicity; Macrophoma; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 民國92年春末至秋初期間進行茶枝枯病樣品之採樣,共採得罹病枝條103枝,經組織分離後主要分出三大類菌株,分別為Colletotrichum屬菌株24株(分離率23.3%),Phomopsis屬菌株9株(分離率8.7%)及A菌株共81株(分離率78.6%)。此三大類菌株經人工接種至18個月大溫室盆栽之青心烏龍茶苗,進行病原性測試二個月後,發現Colletotrichum屬菌株及Phomopsis屬菌株之致病力皆相當弱,而A菌株方面雖各菌株間有致病力強弱的差異,但大體上具有相當高之致病性並可產生典型之枝枯病徵,其中4株之平均發病率更高達100%。而其亦可從接種發病枝條中再分離出A菌株,故推論臺灣地區茶枝枯病之主要病原菌應為A菌株。而除青心烏龍罹病枝條外,由臺茶12、13號等罹病茶樹枝條中亦可分離出A菌株。依據病徵上之病菌型態與前人研究結果比較,鑑定其為Macrophoma theicola Petch。測試其生理特性發現,茶枝枯病菌絲之最適生長溫度範圍為25至35℃之間,最適pH生長範圍於pH5至pH7範圍內,而茶枝枯病菌絲於近紫外光條件下生長最快,連續光照下次之,黑暗中生長最慢。 |
英文摘要 | One hundred-and-three twigs of die-back diseased tea plants were sampled during the spring to autumn period of 2003 in Taiwan. Three kinds of fungi were frequently isolated from those diseased twigs, including 24 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. (isolation ration 23.3%), 9 isolates of Phomopsis spp. (isolation ratio 8.7%) and 81 Macrophoma spp. The pathogenicity tests were executed by artificially inoculating the 18-month-old seedlings of one of the most sensitive cultivar of Camellia sinensis planted in pots in a plastic greenhouse. After 2 months of observation, the results of pathogenicity test revealed that the virulence of all isolates of both Colletotrichum spp. and Phomopsis spp. were quite low. Meanwhile, the virulence of most isolates of Macrophoma spp., although varied, was much higher than the other two fungi. When artificially inoculated to the tea seedings, Macrophoma isolates could produce the typical symptoms of tea die-back and could be successfully re-isolated from diseased twigs. Therefore, the major pathogen of tea die-back disease in Taiwan should be Macrophoma spp and they were identified as Macrophoma theicola Petch, according to the previous reference of Petch and Chen. The results of physiological tests showed that the optimum temperature range for the mycelial growth of Macrophoma theicola Petch were in the range of 25-35°C and the optimum pH range are between pH5 and pH7. The mycelial growth rate of Macrophoma theicola Petch is fastest under NUV, then in continuous light and slowest in darkness. |
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