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題 名 | 臺灣雲葉、青剛櫟及相思樹作為防火樹種之可行性探討=Feasibility of Using Trochodendron aralioides, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Acacia confusa as Whole-tree Incombustibility |
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作 者 | 黃金城; 林翰謙; 黃秋惠; 吳幸芳; 葉明筠; | 書刊名 | 林產工業 |
卷 期 | 22:2 2003.06[民92.06] |
頁 次 | 頁129-138 |
分類號 | 436.289 |
關鍵詞 | 雲葉; 青剛櫟; 相思樹; 耐燃性能; 氧氣指數; 熱重量損失分析; 示差掃描熱卡儀; Trochodendron aralioides; Cyclobalanopsis glauca; Acacia confusa; Incombustibility performance; Oxygen index; OI; Thermogravimetric analysis; TGA; DSC analysis; DSC; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究主要目鬥是探討國產雲、青剛櫟及相思樹等三種防火樹種之耐燃性能,除了測定各樹種之含水率及比重、化學組成份外,並藉由氧氣指數(OI)、最大煙密度(MSD)、燃燒速度、熱重量損失(TGA)及示差掃描熱卡儀(DSC)試驗等評估其耐燃機制,且以國產造林木柳杉作為對照組,所得結果歸納如卡:1.含水率多寡與比重低依其樹種部位不同而具差異性,且兩者高低對耐燃性能具有相關性。2.氧氣指數試驗得知在心材部位,相思樹之OI值62.0為最大,青剛櫟者54.3次之,雲葉者52.0為最小。而邊材部位則以雲葉之OI值80以上為最大,青剛櫟者51.5次之,相思繳者29.3最小。3.煙密度試驗中,相思樹全株平均之MSD為31.5%,青剛櫟者51.1%多,再者雲葉為83.0%,而柳杉者100%為最大,由此可知柳杉所產生的煙量最大,表示其耐燃性能較差。4.燃燒速度減緩乃因炭化層防絕試材內部與外界空氣接觸使燃燒速度減緩。以雲葉心材為例,燃燒20-40 min之區間時,燃燒速度增快,但於40-60 min者時,燃燒速度卻減緩,顯示在這段時間內其炭化層產生隔絕的作用。5.TGA結果得智,各樹種之邊材與心材於200-400℃階段的重量損失非常顯著,主要是全纖維素與木質素之熱分解。就整株樹木(含樹葉、樹皮、心材及邊材等)在800℃之平均焦岸殘留量而言,以相思樹17.06%及青剛櫟17.92%較其他兩種多。瑯中以相思樹樹皮者之焦炭殘留量35.61%為最高,這可能與其內含化學組成分有相關性。6.DSC試驗得知,雲葉之樹皮、邊材及心材之吸收熱量大於其他樹種,表示其耐燃性能較佳。 |
英文摘要 | The main objective of this study was to investigate the incombustibility performance from three fire-resistant species, "Trochodendron aralioides, Cyclobalanopsis glauca" and "Acacia confuse", in Taiwan, ROC, which were examined by using such parameters as, oxygen index (OI), maximum smoking density (MSD), speed of combustion and their thermal behavior analysis with the methods of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in addition to measure moisture content (MC), specific gravity (SG) and chemical composition of each species. Moreover, the plantation species in Taiwan, ROC, Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria joponica) was used as a control. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The amount of MC and SO are related to incombustibility performance. They vary with species and different parts of the same tree. 2. OI value of 62.0 for the heartwood portion of "Acacia confuse" was the maximum OI, followed by 54.3 of "Cyclobalanopsis glauca" and the smallest one, 52.0 for "Trochodendron aralioides". Furthermore, OI was the greatest value, over 80.0, for the sapwood portion of "Trochodendron aralioides", followed by 51.5 for "Cyclobalanopsis glauca" and the smallest one, 29.3 for "Acacia confuse". 3. In the test of smoking density, the results showed that MSD of "Cryptomeria japonica" was 100.0 %, followed by 83.0 % of "Trochodendron aralioides", 51.1 % of "Cyclobalanopsis glauca" and 31.5 % of "Acacia confuse". The amount of smoke for "Cryptomeria japonica" exhibited the maximum value of all species in the heartwood portion. It is suggested that its incombustibility is the lowest. 4. Speed of combustion decreased with a time during combustion. The char layer blocked the air from outside to contact the internal portion. As one of the results, the heartwood portion of "Trochodendron aralioides", the speed of combustion increased during the initial period of 20 to 40 min when it was burned, but it decreased during 40 to 60 min, suggesting that a char layer blocked the air supply during this period. 5. The weight loss for the sapwood and the heartwood of each species was significant in the temperature range between 200 to 400℃ in the TGA tests, suggesting that the pyrolysis occurred in the portions of lignin and hole-cellulose. Considering the average amount of residual-char for the whole tree, including leaves, branch, bark, sapwood and heartwood etc, at the temperature of 800 '"C, Acacia confuse" was 17.06 % and "Cyclobalanopsis glauca" was 17.92 %. And both of them are greater than the others. The amount of residual-char for the bark of "Acacia confuse" was 35.61 % and it was the greatest value than the others as well. This may be related to the chemical composition of the said species. 6. From the results of DSC analysis, the amount of heat-absorbed for the bark, sapwood or heartwood of "Trochodendron aralioides" was larger than those of the other 2 species, suggesting that its incombustibility performance was better than the other 2 species. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。