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題 名 | 東沙環礁的珊瑚群聚=Coral Communities at Dongsha Atoll |
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作 者 | 戴昌鳳; 鄭安怡; | 書刊名 | 國家公園學報 |
卷 期 | 16:1 民95.06 |
頁 次 | 頁1-17 |
分類號 | 386.394 |
關鍵詞 | 東沙環礁; 珊瑚群聚; 南中國海; Dongsha atoll; Pratas island; Coral community; South China sea; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 東沙環礁為典型的環礁,直行約25km的環狀礁臺圍繞而成,部分礁臺露出水面,東沙島位於環礁西側。環礁內的潟湖區直行約20km,最深處約16m,環礁外圍水深0~25m之間屬於礁斜坡區,寬約數百至千餘公尺,其中水深0~15m的坡度平緩,表面有礁脊和槽構交錯分布,水深15~25m以深則為陡坡。2005年4至8月間在環礁內及外部的珊瑚資源調查共記錄各類珊瑚250種,包括石珊瑚類207種、軟珊瑚類34種、柳珊瑚類4種及水螅珊瑚5種。環礁內部潟湖區水深5m以淺的底質主要珊瑚殘骸組成,活珊瑚覆蓋極率(<5%);水深5~10m的珊瑚覆蓋率稍高,約10%,以團塊形的微孔珊瑚及菊珊瑚群體為主;水深10m以深,則以蕈珊瑚和葉片形珊瑚為優勢物種,珊瑚覆蓋率約15-20%。環礁外圍的珊瑚群聚則屬於良好狀態,主要分布在水深0~15m的礁斜坡區,平均珊瑚覆蓋率在75~85%;其中東皮南面的珊瑚群聚以石珊瑚為主(約占三分之二),皆以桌形和分枝形的軸孔珊瑚為優勢物種,軟珊瑚類約占三分之一。外環礁北面的珊瑚群聚則以軟珊瑚類為主(約占三分之二),主要種類為指形軟珊瑚、肉質軟珊瑚和葉形軟珊瑚;石珊瑚類約占三分之一,以苔珊瑚科和菊珊瑚科的物種為主。環狀礁臺區的地形平坦,以微孔珊瑚、絲珊瑚科和菊珊瑚科的物種為主。環礁內外之間珊瑚群聚的差異,可能是1998年的水溫異常造成兩地珊瑚死亡率的差異所致,而珊瑚死亡率的差異又與環礁內外的水流交換及環境差異有關。環礁內部潟湖區的現生珊瑚,包括微孔珊瑚、菊珊瑚及苔珊瑚科種類,皆屬於較能忍受水溫升高的物種;而大量殘骸所代表的軸孔珊瑚、表孔珊瑚及鹿角珊瑚則是對水溫升高敏感的物種。未來環礁內部潟湖區的珊瑚礁復育,可採用移植珊瑚分枝或群體的方式進行。 |
英文摘要 | Dongsha (or Pratas) Atoll is a typical ring-shaped atoll with a diameter of approximately 25km and encircled by a rim of reef flat about 2 km wide. Dongsha Island is a part of the exposed reef flat on the west side of the atoll. The lagoon is about 20 km wide with the deepest area of about 16 m near the center. The Outer rim of the atoll is surrounded by reef slopes of several hundreds meters wide. The seaward slope between 0 and 15 m is gentle and cut by systems of more or less spaced spurs and grooves, follows by a steep slope between 15 and 25 m deep, then by a drop-off down to 40 m deep or more. Our field surveys in April-August 2005 recorded 250 coral species including 207 species of scleractinians, 34 species of alcyonaceans, 4 species of gorgonians and 5 species of hydrocorals. In the lagoon, the reef substrate was mostly covered by dead croal skeletons or debris with living coral cover of about <5%, 10% and 15-20% at depths of 0-5 m, 5-10 m, andbelow 10 m, respectively. The most abundant corals are Porites spp., species of Faviidae and Fungiddae. Coral communities on the seaward slope are in healthy status with living coral cover of about 75-85% on the upper reef slope (0-15 m deep) and abundant branching and table-like Acropora species. On the eastern and southern slopes, coral communities are mainly composed of scleractinians corals (about 67% of the total cover) and alcyonaceans comprise about 33% of the cover. While coral community on the northern seaward slop is mainly compsed of alcyonaceans (about 67% of the total cover) and scleractinians comprise of about 33% of the cover. Common alcyonaceans are Sinularia, Lobophytum and Sacrophyton species. The reef flat on the outer rim is densely covered by coral debris with patches of massive corals, seagrasses and macroalage. Common species in this habitat are Poritidae, Faviidae and Siderastreidae. The striking differences of coral communities between the lagoon and seaward slopes reflect major spatial variations of impacts of the 1998 sea temperature anomaly that could be attributed to the differences f water circulation and reef environment . The dead and live corals indisde the lagoon reflect differential mortality among species during the mass blaching event. Species of Acropora. Monitpora, Pocillopora, Seriatopora, and Stylophora suffered severe mortality during the event suggesting that they are sensitive to temperature rising. While some colonies of Porites, Faviidae, and Fungiiddae survive reflecting that they are stress tolerators. Since reef ecosystem in the lagoon is severely degraded and the recovery has been very slow in the past five years, a reef restoration plan by transplanting coral fragments or colonies is recommended. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。