頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 華人的人脈--個人中心信任網絡=Chinese Renmai--A Ego-Centric Trust Network |
---|---|
作 者 | 羅家德; | 書刊名 | 關係管理研究 |
卷 期 | 3 民95.06 |
頁 次 | 頁1-24 |
分類號 | 541.76 |
關鍵詞 | 人脈; 信任; 自我中心網絡; 特殊信任; 人情; Trust; Ego-centered trust network; Particularistic trust; Favor exchange; Renmai; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 人脈是華人世界中經常使用到的辭彙,「人脈廣」表示一個人資源多,有辦法,『建立人脈』則是人們初入職場之後努力要做的事情,「廣佈人脈」更是生意人事業成功的關鍵,但人脈到底是什麼?或許社會網絡理論中最貼近這個概念的就是林南所發展出來的個體社會資本,指涉的是一個人的關係所能帶來的資源。但關係本身就是一個較模糊的概念,而關係帶來的資源,卻不必然是我們常識中所認定的「人脈」,資源可能來自於行動者在一個關係網絡結構中佔據的結構位置,也可能是來自於該行動者的社會地位或所屬的族群所賦予的,這些結構位置、社會地位以及所屬社會族群都會帶來資源,也都符合Coleman定義的社會資本-社會結構的某些方面帶來特定行動的結果;然而這樣的社會資本概念卻與我們直觀的人脈有所出入。人脈是會帶來資源,但卻似乎是人與人接觸後直接發生人際關係的結果,而非不需要人際接觸的結構、認同、地位等等。所以人脈是個體社會資本的一部分,卻不是同一概念。那麼,人脈是什麼?本文試著從黃光國的華人心理學出發,分華人關係為擬似家人、熟人、弱連帶以及無連帶四類,以有別於西方社會學中所區分的強連帶、弱連帶以及無連帶三類。然後,結合西方的信任理論,以為擬似家人連帶中的保証關係(assurance),熟人連帶中的人情交換,以及弱連帶中的相互為利信任暨社會交換都能為華人帶來真實信任關係。最後我定義人脈為自我中心信任網絡,也就是一種自我中心網絡(ego-centered social network),而其間的社會連帶為真實信任連帶,因為信任正是社會關係能長期帶來資源的中介變項。 |
英文摘要 | The Chinese term “renmai” is a concept of great importance in Chinese culture. Similar in meaning to the notion of social-tie texture, renmai is understood to be one of the keys to establishing a successful career. But what exactly is renmai? From a sociological standpoint, a roughly equivalent concept would be micro-level social capital. However, while social capital is often tied to structure, group identity, and social status, renmai is based on direct social connections. This paper defines the concept of renmai as an ego-centered trust network. To develop this understanding further, I first draw on Hwang's study of Chinese psychology to identify three types of Chinese guanxi (relationships): simulated familial ties, familiar ties, and weak ties (note that this last category differs from the Western distinction between strong and weak ties). Then I draw on several theories regarding trust to help explain how trust functions in this network. Trust in simulated familial ties can be explained by Yamaghishi's concept of assurance. For exploring trust in familiar ties, Hwang's “principle of favor exchange” is a useful tool. Finally, Blau's social exchange theory and Hardin's encapsulated interest account of trust shed valuable light on the role of trust in weak ties. Chinese renmai are built on the real trust in these three types of guanxi. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。