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題名 | 柴油車惰轉排氣中粒狀與氣狀污染物之研究=Particulate and Gas Pollutants in the Exhaust of Diesel Engines in Idle |
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作者姓名(中文) | 郭崇義; 林隆晟; 蔡清讚; 簡伯珊; | 書刊名 | 環境保護 |
卷期 | 28:2 民94.12 |
頁次 | 頁174-184 |
分類號 | 445.63 |
關鍵詞 | 柴油車排氣; PM[92f1]懸浮微粒; 元素碳; 有機碳; 煙度; EC; OC; Smoke; Exhaust of diesel engines; PM[92f1]; Elemental carbon; Organic carbon; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究係於臺中市環保局柴油車定檢站進行惰轉的狀態下之排氣採樣及現場檢測作業,共採取21部輕型柴油車及11部重型柴油車,並進行排氣中污染物的分析。研究結果顯示重柴所排放之PM10懸浮微粒明顯 (p=0.036) 較輕柴者為高。在粒狀污染物之組成分析中,發現輕柴與重柴之含碳物質均佔極高之比例(約60%),重柴中有機碳 (Organic carbon, OC) 及碳氫化合物 (Hydrocarbon, HC) 之濃度均分別顯著 (p=0.007, p=0.002) 高於輕柴者,而CO2濃度卻是輕柴顯著 (p<0.001) 高於重柴,此結果顯示輕柴之燃燒較為完全。CO與CO2之濃度和低於3%,顯示車輛受檢時有被司機調整過,此一現象會影響受檢車輛之正常排氣狀況。另發現無論是輕柴或重柴其元素碳 (Elemental carbon, EC) 與煙度 (Smoke) 均有很高的相關 (r=0.907, r=0.850),顯示元素碳(EC)極可能是導致柴油車排放黑煙的重要物質。 |
英文摘要 | The sampling programs and in situ measurements were executed at the diesel-examination stations of the Taichung Protection Bureau. The exhaust from 21 light-duty and 11 heavy-duty vehicles in idle was taken for analysis of the particulate and the gas phase of pollutants. The results showed that the concentrations of PM10 in the exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles were significantly (p=0.036) higher than those of light-duty vehicles. A very high percentage of carbonaceous materials (60%) in PM10 was found for both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC, p=0.007) and hydrocarbons (HC, p=0.002) in the exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles were significantly higher than those of light-duty vehicles. However, the concentrations of CO2 in the exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those of light-duty vehicles. These results indicated that the exhaust components of light-duty vehicles were burned more completely than those of heavy-duty vehicles. The sum concentrations of CO and CO2 were below 3% indicating that the vehicles being examined had been modified by the drivers. Under this condition, the exhaust components of the vehicles being examined might not truly represent the normal exhaust of diesel vehicles. In addition, very high relationships between elemental carbon (EC) and smoke were found for both light-duty vehicles (p=0.907) and heavy-duty vehicles (p=0.850). These results showed that elemental carbon was probably the leading cause of the blackness of diesel exhaust. |
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