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題 名 | A Revision of the Pathway from Monoecious Species to Dioecious Species in Ficus (Moraceae)-Based on Pollinators' Relative Ovipositor Lengths and Seed/Pollinator Production=由授粉蜂的相對產卵管長度及其子代與種子比例來推導榕樹雌雄同株至雌雄異株之演化 |
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作 者 | 陳穎儒; | 書刊名 | 臺灣昆蟲 |
卷 期 | 25:2 民94.06 |
頁 次 | 頁119-125 |
分類號 | 436.11 |
關鍵詞 | 演化; 榕樹; 榕果小蜂; 小花; 產卵管長度; Evolution; Ficus; Fig wasp; Ovule; Ovipositor length; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 假設雌雄異株是原始種類,而雌雄同株是進化種類,亦即榕樹是由雌雄異株演化至雌雄同株,則與其共生的授粉雌蜂也應一起協同演化,在雌雄異株上的授粉雌蜂應是原始的,而在雌雄同株上的授粉蜂是進化的。依據前人對於十幾種榕樹上的授粉雌蜂進行測量,授粉雌蜂產卵管的相對長度在雌雄異株上較短,而在雌雄同株上較長,若以上的假設為正確,則授粉雌蜂產卵管的長度從相對較短演化成相對較長,而授粉雌蜂的產卵管這樣演化,應可獲得較大的適存值,亦即子代數應該增加。但是事實上授粉雌蜂的產卵管雖可達到50~99%的雌花,子代數卻只有20~30%。另外,在雌雄同株的榕果產子率也沒有比雌雄異株的產子率來得高,因此授粉雌蜂產卵管的長度從相對較短演化成相對較長,對授粉蜂與榕樹而言,皆不能獲得任何的好處,此演化路徑花費了能量但卻沒有得到相對的好處,從演化的觀點來看是不正確的。這個結果推翻了原先的假設,因此榕樹的演化路徑應是由雌雄同株演化至雌雄異株。 |
英文摘要 | In this study, the author attempted to deduce the evolutionary direction between monoecious and dioecious species in Ficus by the relative ovipositor lengths of pollinators and seed/pollinator production. Since the relative ovipositor lengths of pollinators become longer from dioecy to monoecy, the benefits of seed production in dioecy is not greater than that in monoecy, and the fitness of pollinators in monoecy is also no better. That is, the evolutionary pathway from dioecy to monoecy was not beneficial for either figs or fig wasps. Hence this hypothetical evolutionary process is energetically expensive and yet not beneficial, so we infer that the monoecious species are not the evolutionary descendants of dioecious species in Ficus. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。