頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 十八世紀英國宗教思潮流變之探討=The Discussion on the Developments of English Religious Thought in the Eighteenth Century |
---|---|
作 者 | 林志穎; | 書刊名 | 長庚科技學刊 |
卷 期 | 3 2004.12[民93.12] |
頁 次 | 頁147-162 |
分類號 | 209.41 |
關鍵詞 | 自然宗教; 啟示宗教; 理性; 真理; 信仰; 宗教類比; Natural religion; Revealed religion; Reason; Truth; Faith; The analogy of religion; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 十七、八世紀期間的英國思想家們著迷於「人類的理性(reason)乃是神所賦予人的自然能力」之說法。洛克(John Locke)、克拉克(Samuel Clarke)等以理性來重新為基督教辯護,但自然神論者卻以理性來批判基督教。理性有如一把雙面刃,既能傷敵但亦可能傷已。但不論如何,此時英國的知識份子對於「人運用理性來認知、證明神存在的能力,以及理性成為認知神的作為和屬性的工具」,則抱持著樂觀的態度。即使他們嚴厲地批判當時宗教各種腐敗和罪惡的現象,但樂觀地認為這一切的敗壞皆是宗教被腐化的結果。所以他們推崇未曾腐化的自然宗教(natural religion) ,認真地以為在最起初、原始的自然宗教裹,人依著理性思索神的作為,並崇拜著創造自然的神;崇尚道德而有良好的行為。簡言之,他們以「理性」作為宗教的基礎,並以理性來為宗教合理的基礎做辯護。然而客觀論者從「宗教類比」的立場,則突顯出「啟示真理」和「自然真理」至少是不相衝突的,並一再說明自然神論排斥啟示真理並不是不合理,而是在於不恰當;最終則突顯出雙方欲在不確定的知識上,建立宗教信仰的合理基礎,此種作法皆有待商榷。 |
英文摘要 | The English thinkers from the seventeenth to eighteenth century, were engaged in the idea that the human reason was inherited from God who bestowed the natural power on the human beings. Although several persons as John Locke vs, Samuel Clarke etc. anew defended Christianity by reason against the verbal attack, on the contrary the deists criticized Christianity by reason. The reason was compared to a knife with the double blades, that hurt both the enemy and them themselves; however, the English intellectuals then took the attitude of optimism for the fact that man applied their reason to recognize and testify to the power of God's existence and that the reason became the means to realize the doings and attribute of God. Even though they sternly found fault with various phenomena of corruption and sin in religion, they optimistically attributed all the evil to the effect of religion decadent. As a result they held the natural religion having been not rotten in high esteem, really thinking that man ponder over the action of God and the worship of God creating the nature according to their reason, and put emphasis upon the morality of excellent behavior in the beginning and primitiveness of the natural religion. Briefly speaking, they regarded the reason as the foundatíon of the religion and justified the basis of the religion rational by means of reason. But the objective account c1early indicated that the revealed truth was not in opposition to the natural truth at least out of the stand on the analogy of the religion, and clarifiedagain that the deism's discriminating against the revealed truth was not so much reasonable as unsuitable; finally there was something outstandingly debatable in setting up the rational base of the religious faith under the uncertain knowledge. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。