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題名 | 「論語.陽貨篇」「公山弗擾」與「佛肸召」兩章探討--知識社會學的詮釋=Discussion on "Gong Shan Fu Rao" and "Bi Xi" in "Analects": Perspective of Knowledge of Sociology |
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作者 | 江衍良; 陳述之; Jiang, Yean-liang; Chen, Shu-chih; |
期刊 | 長庚科技學刊 |
出版日期 | 20041200 |
卷期 | 3 2004.12[民93.12] |
頁次 | 頁105-125 |
分類號 | 097.1 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 公山弗擾; 肸佛; 孔子; 叛變; 詮釋學; 知識社會學; Gong Shan Fu Rao; Bi Xi; Confucius; Rebellion; Hermeneutics; Sociology of knowledge; |
中文摘要 | 《論語﹒陽貨篇》記載「公山弗擾」與「佛肸」二人叛變,分別邀請孔子前往協助。這兩章使後人產生疑義--孔子會助叛嗎?本文假設兩種可能性探討這個問題,提出「一個事件,兩種詮釋」對歷代主要注家的疑惑並尋求合理的解釋。 第一、假設公山弗擾與肸佛在當時確是叛變。如果這個假設成立,那他們是反叛誰呢?筆者認為當時的情境是「家臣」與「大夫」的衝突,與我們今日所理解的叛國與叛君的觀念有所不同。 第二、假設當時公山弗擾與肸佛均未叛變。如果這個假設成立,為何《論語》要記錄他們是叛變呢?《左傳》既未記載公山弗擾等人為叛變,從「詮釋學」的觀點來看,可能是事過境遷,後來的執政者把公山弗擾等人的「抗爭」行為詮釋為「叛變」。成王敗寇,自古皆然。孔門弟子則依時人說法,以此事為背景,記錄孔子與子路的對話。就常理而言,孔子若明知家臣有意叛變,而欲前往助叛,這是不合理的。故推論史實,應該是弗擾的行為在當時受到爭議,事後受到不同詮釋,《左傳》不認為叛,《論語》視之為叛。不論歷史評價為何,孔門弟子記錄孔子有意前往叛臣之處,既然有損孔子形象,其目的為何呢?從「知識社會學」的觀點來看,這兩章提供儒生更寬廣的出仕原則。意謂著即使是在亂世裡'只要堅持崇高理想,不同流合污,是可以應家臣之召而出來從政的。因為這兩章所指出的從政觀念具備了社會功能,所以未被尊孔者所刪編而保留下來。 |
英文摘要 | Analects described Gong Shan Fu Rao and Bi Xi rebelled and invited Confucius to help them. Scholars doubted that Confucius would help someone to rebel.We will discuss the question and search for reasonable explanations. First, if Gong Shan Fu Rao and Bi Xi did rebel. Then we asked whom did they rebel. According to history, it was house official fight against nobles, but not against king directly. The definition of rebellion is different from what we mean today. Second, if Gong Shan Fu Rao and Bi Xi didn't rebel, why those stories recorded in Analects? Because their rebel1ions didn't recorded in Zuo Zhaun, we supposed that they didn 't rebel by perspective of hermeneutics. Because rebellion is the result of interpretation by later govemment. No matter what Confucius attended rebellion or not, why Confucius's disciples described these stories in Analects? Why these stories didn't delete in Han Dynasty by those scholars who respected Confucius? We supposed that those stories supplied more flexible principles about political participation of being an official. According to Confucius' background, if he found somebody would rebel and wanted to help him, it seemed unreasonable. So we think that rebellion may be a definition by new regime after Confucius's death. These principles existed in those stories provided social functions to many Confucius's dsciples and scholars that wanted to be an official. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。