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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 帕森思社會學說之新評價 |
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作者 | 洪鎌德; | 書刊名 | 真理大學人文學報 |
卷期 | 2 2004.03[民93.03] |
頁次 | 頁85-118 |
分類號 | 540.152 |
關鍵詞 | 社會行動與互動; 社會體系; 法律社會學; 歧化過程; 社會的進化; 現代化; 社會的共同體; 社會的自由主義; 良好的社會; 批判的視域; Theory of social action and interaction; Social system; Sociology of law; The evolution of societies; Modernization and modernity; Societal community; Social liberalism; The good society; Crirical perspectives; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文析述第二次世界大戰結束後,影響世界最大強權的美國之社會學說。帕森思的社會行動理論,係綜合涂爾幹、韋伯、巴雷圖與馬歇爾的學說,修改了他同代社會學家單單接受功利主義、自由主義與進化論的偏頗。中無之後發展社會體系論,強調社會次級體系與群際互動關係。晚年則在討論西方社會發展中,凸顯美國社會之發展,視新大陸無異為社會的自由主義之落實。儘管帕氏極力避免陷於道德意形態的窠臼,但他衛護西方以社會整體為主的自由派之文明,顯示其社會學說也難以跳脫價值判斷。本文之重新評價,在於指陳他的社會理論在過半個多世紀中的興衰,固然受到世局與思潮的衝擊,卻也種因於帕森思不肯明白宣示其學說背後的道德與政治主張。在經歷了1960年代末學潮、反越戰、種族、環保運動與其他的社會運動,而學界誤會帕氏學說為擁護資本主義體制,辯解西方主流文明,是故重新檢視學說之價值而予以適當的評斷,似有必要。 |
英文摘要 | This essay deals firstly with Talcott Parsons’ life career and his vast writings. It, then, discusses his early theory of social action, which deviated from the main stream of his contemporary American sociological tradition, namely individual liberalism, utilitarianism and social Darwinism. Encountering the political and economic crises of 1930s, Parsons elaborated a theory of social action which depicts society not just a struggle for economic gain or political power but involving with individuals sharing common social meanings, ideals, and goals. After the World War II, Parsons formulated a grand sociological theory of “Social Svstem”, the so0-called structural functional theory which aroused academic interest and debate throughout the 1950s and 1960s. However, his general social theory was severely attacked by the proponents of Anti-Vietnam War, student unrest, social conflict, ecological, gay and feminist movements of the late 1960s amd early 1970s. In his later years, Parsons took a view of the evolution of societies and envisoned modernization as creating an open, free, pluralistic social order. He looked upon the U.S. as the realization of a modern societal community, within which religious freedom, ethnic group affiliation, and class solidarity would not threaten social integration and national identity. In fact, his defense of Western civilization and his claim for a social liberalism based on the societal community revealed his moral and political vision. Thus, contrary to his assertion of scientific objectivity and value-neutrality, his social theory is shrouded by and embedded in his moral ideal. This is why Steven Seidman calls his functionalist sociology but a liberal advocacy. Using critical perspective, this treatise finally reevaluates Parsons’ contribution to the further development of contemporary social and sociological theory. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。