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題名 | 鎘對三種草坪草幼苗吸收機制與生長抑制行為之評估=Evaluation of Cadmium Uptake and Growth Inhibition of Three Turfgrass Species |
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作者 | 張育森; 邱心怡; 張育傑; 郭毓仁; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 5:1 2004.02[民93.02] |
頁次 | 頁1-10 |
分類號 | 435.1 |
關鍵詞 | 氯化鎘; 水耕; 草坪草; 乾重; 葉綠素; 鎘濃度; Cadmium; Phytoextraction; Hyperaccumulators; Turfgrass; Solution culture; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 台灣的土地受到重金屬污染的問題非常嚴重,根據環保署統計,全台遭到重金屬污染達五級的農田共319公頃。本試驗的目的是利用水耕栽植三種草坪草探討氯化鎘對草坪草生長發育的影響並瞭解草坪是否在含鎘環境中具有耐受性及吸收鎘的能力。試驗地點於台灣大學人工氣候室。草株幼苗長成具三片完全葉後,處理0、10、50、及100ppm四種濃度的氯化鎘。鎘處理12天後採收並分析植株葉綠素 a, b、乾鮮物重、單位含水量、及植株體內鎘含量。結果顯示暖季草種假儉草(Eremochloa ophiuroides)、類地毯草(Axonopus affinis)及冷季草種多年生黑麥草(Lolium perenne)在不同濃度之氯化鎘處理後,根部生長顯著受到鎘的影響。莖葉乾重以多年生黑麥草下降比例最少,表現最差的是類地毯草。根部乾重仍以多年生黑麥草表現較佳,乾重從不含鎘的0.15克下降到0.10克,下降比例33%; 表現最差的是類地毯草。在葉片單位水分含量方面,下降比例由少至多分別為多年生麥草、假儉草、及類地毯草。葉綠素含量經氯化鎘處理後,各草種在葉綠素a、葉綠素b、及總葉綠素含量均有下降的情形,且隨濃度上升而下降的比例亦隨之增加。三種草坪草幼苗在鎘處理的環境下多年生黑麥草的忍受力較強,多年生麥草在較高濃度10ppm及100ppm之氯化鎘處理環境下,分別下降了10%及58%,主要的影響多來自葉綠素b生成被抑制,但是多年生黑麥草仍能忍受 10ppm水耕氯化鎘處理環境。反之類地毯草,不論是葉綠素a,或b幾乎完全被抑制。從植株幼苗體內累積的鎘濃度結果顯示,隨著處理濃度的升高,植物幼苗體內累積的濃度也隨之增加,而主要累積的部位多集中在根部。類地毯草雖然生長非常容易受到鎘處理的影響,但是卻可以在較短的時間內吸收大量的鎘元素。本研究推論植株間之所以在鎘的處理環境中表現有所差異,主要的原因除了物種間的差異外,植株生長習性亦是一個關鍵。 本試驗依據生長發育被抑制因素的程度來推測試驗草種在含鎘環境中生長的耐性,提供快速的檢驗技術以提供育種家參考,並作為未來處理重金屬鎘污染土地作為植物復育用物種之參考。 |
英文摘要 | Pollution of water and soil by heavy metals deposited in mining and industrial area is an environmental problem in many areas in Taiwan. Three potentially hyperaccumulating turfgrass species of centipedigrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), common carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were screened by using solution cultural method in this study. Four levels of Cadium chloride (CdCll₂), including 0, 10, 50 and 100 ppm were applied on the turfgrasses with 3 fully expanded leaves at age12 days. From the results we found that the plant dry weight, per unit water content of leaf, and chlorophyll a and b, were decreased by CdCl₂. Perennial ryegrass showed the best performance under 100 ppm CdCll₂ treatment if compared to the other 2 species at the same level of CdCll₂. However, common carpetgrass showed the worst performance under this high level of CdCll₂ treated environment. However, we found that the Cd accumulation in plants was increased when CdCll₂ concentration increased. The Cd was mostly accumulated on root portions than shoot portions. Interestingly, the common carpetgrass absorbed the Cd metal more quickly than other species. We think that tolerance of turfgrass species to Cd metal was due to both genomic variation and plant growth characteristics. In this study, solution cultural system showed a potentially useful method for pre-screening putative heavy metal tolerant turfgrasses before commercialization for phytoremediation to clean up contaminated soils. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。