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題 名 | 近代無政府主義的發展、理想訴求及對教育的影響述評=The Development, Ideal and Influence of Anarchism in Modern History |
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作 者 | 鄭玉卿; | 書刊名 | 初等教育學刊 |
卷 期 | 16 2003.12[民92.12] |
頁 次 | 頁245-272 |
分類號 | 526.1 |
關鍵詞 | 無政府主義; 無政府主義教育; 學校教育制度; Schooling system; Education anarchism; Anarchism; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在教育史上,20世紀許多學者主張解構學校本身的制度,才是解決學校教育病狀最為直接且必要的方式,其激進的思考與做法,在教育史上被歸納為教育的無政府主義。無政府主義者認為一個理想的社會,是其所屬之獨立自主個體,都會自發地為他人的幸福效力,而不需要任何的制約。由於強制的法律規章只會使人脫離理性的軌道,政府限制了個人自由,將形成了統治者與被統治者的階層,造成衝突的根源。因此,有關政府組織和法律,都應該被廢除、被取消。他們相信只有「道德良知」可以使人行善為善。所以,由一群群小團體,居住在各自獨立的小社區,過著簡樸的生活,沒有國家法律的限制,沒有資本主義的迫害,只有充滿良知與自由平等的個人,還有大眾互助合作的社區民間組織。史簡單的說,理想社會是沒有政府、沒有強權、沒有法律,互助的、自由的、平等的、「各取所需,各盡其能」的社區生活,是一個更親合人類、更理性的社會模式。本研究透過文獻分析,梳理無政府主義的發展與理想訴求,以另一史觀嘗試說明反學校教育何以被視為無政府主義的影響之原因。 |
英文摘要 | The development of schooling system is an important indicator during the history of education, which was also traditionally believed to be beneficial to individuals and society as a whole. However, the circumstances of schooling had been changed by educational anarchism. The doctrine claimed that social evils originated from the abuse of schooling system. This shift inevitably offered a new perspective, by which educationalists or writers who were concerned about education gained a new idea about what education should be like and how education ought to be conducted. This study focuses on the educational anarchism that developed in the west from the 19th to the 20th centuries. The aims of this study are to investigate the background and theoretical roots of anarchism; The proposals of educational planning of anarchism and the difficulties which educational anarchism suffered in practice are examined. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。