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題 名 | 家族與科舉:宋元明休寧程氏的發展,1100-1644=The Lineage and the Civil Service Examinations: The Development of the Ch'eng in Hsiu-ning, 1100-1644 |
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作 者 | 朱開宇; | 書刊名 | 臺大文史哲學報 |
卷 期 | 58 2003.05[民92.05] |
頁 次 | 頁95-140 |
分類號 | 782.7 |
關鍵詞 | 家族; 科舉考試; 社會流動; The Lineage; The civil service examinations; Social mobility; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文在錯綜複雜的宗族脈絡中,以休寧程氏五個宗文動態的發展扣住科舉與家族興衰等問題進行相互比較,試圖針對宋代以降科舉社會提出反省。筆者的方法是運用堂富的族譜、文集、方志中的一手資料,輔以長時段的觀察視野,立足於宋代, 然將部分內容延至元明,以其達成區域研究的精確性,並看出宗族興衰的完整面貌。尤其,本文從祖先崇拜信仰、儀式等象徵系統的宗族組織切入,探討人與象徵系統、社會之間的密切關係,象徵系統的文化模式有助於社會(宗族)的穩定。因此,本文突顯宗族組織的發展來重新反省科舉對家族興衰的影響。以宋代科舉社會之縱向流動與地域移動而言,科舉成功回是勢家的重要因素,但單靠科舉很難維持家族的長盛不衰,這也反映了宋代科舉社會流動率較高的一面。因此,家族組織、家族的團結互助,以及經營地方,也就變得相當重要。作者從對宋代科舉社會的反省來襯托出家族組織及經營地方的重要。這對於當前宋史學界以科舉來解釋家族的興衰的偏向,提供了一個較為開闊的思考空間。 |
英文摘要 | This thesis reflects on the civil service examinations since the Sung Dynasty by comparing the rise and fall of the Ch'eng clan's five branches in Hsiu-Ning with the clan's participation in the civil service examinations. The author finesse a wealth of primary sources such as the clan's pedigree, collections of prose works, local gazetteers etc. These primary sources enable the author to accurately trace the clan's rise and fall in Hsiu-Ning since the Sung, throughout the Yuan to the Ming Dynasty. Taking a look at ancestor worship & cult, the symbolism of which is structurally interwoven with the lineage organization, this thesis discusses the intricate relationship between man, symbol and society claiming that a system of symbols serves as a cultural pattern with a stabilizing role in society (or clan). Therefore this thesis highlights the development of the lineage organization in order to contemplate about the influence of the civil service examinations in Ancient China on the rise and fall of the clan. Since the Sung Dynasty the civil service examinations was an important factor in determining the rise or decline of a clan, though such factors as the lineage organization, the cohesiveness and level of cooperation within the clan and the locality also played a role. The author's contemplation on the Sung's civil service examinations hopes to delineate just such a more complete picture. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。