頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 國家應維護社會權嗎?--評當代反社會權論者的幾項看法=Ought Social Rights to be Protected by the State?--On Some Contemporary Criticisms of Social Rights |
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作者 | 陳宜中; | 書刊名 | 人文及社會科學集刊 |
卷期 | 15:2 2003.06[民92.06] |
頁次 | 頁309-338 |
專輯 | 「公民與國家」專刊 |
分類號 | 540.1357 |
關鍵詞 | 社會權; 正義; 積極權利; 消極權利; 自由主義; Social rights; Justice; Positive rights; Negative rights; Liberalism; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文從政治哲學的角度探討社會權的理論意涵,並針對當代反社會權論者的幾項看法,進行分析和評估。社會權的理論家們認為,社經基本需要滿足必須視為是公民之基本權利,以及一項最基本的社經正義原則。反對者則認為社會權是一種「積極」權力而不應予以保障,因其違背了古典自由主義對權利與正義之「消極」理解及對國家角色之認定。批評者指出,社會權是一種施加於國家及第三人某些積極義務之權利,而此種積極權利的問題在於:請求稀少資源;內容、程度及實現與否難以判定;不具普遍性;所隱含的權利義務關係不夠明確;與私產權相衝突;以矯治後果或事態為目的。本文針對這些看法進行評估,並說明其為什麼是不成功的。本文認為,社經基本需要之滿足是一項正當的社經主義╱權利主張,旨在釐清究竟哪些社經事務具有政治道德上的重要性,而必須予以高度關切。儘管社會權仍必須面對不少理論與實踐上的難題,但此種權利之「積極」或「消極」與否,並非其是否應予保障之問題關鍵。 |
英文摘要 | Socail rights are widely viewed as a species of 'positive rights', namely rights that impose 'positive obligations' on the state and other people, demanding that they act in certain ways for the right-holders. According to some contemporary critics of social rights, 'positive rights' should not be enforced by the state and treated as a matter of justice. Being positive, social rights are said to be problematic in the following ways: they are inevitably asserted to scarce goods and therefore do not possess the property of compossibility; they are highly indeterminate and not easily ascertainable; they cannot claim the property of universality; they do not entail correlative obligations; their realization necessitates a redistribution of resources that violates rights of legitimate propetry-holders; and they involve an erroneous conception of justice. This article shows that none of these arguments has any significant force. The distinction between negative and positive rights is one thing; whether social rights ought to be protected by the state is quite another. The former has to do with different occasions for performance, not issues of moral importance. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。