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題 名 | 獨占性訂價與市場績效管制--公平會作為一個價格的監督與管制者?=The Antitrust- regulation of Monopolistic Pricing as a Control of Market Performance-- The FTC as Supervisor and Regulator of Market Price? |
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作 者 | 吳秀明; | 書刊名 | 政大法學評論 |
卷 期 | 73 2003.03[民92.03] |
頁 次 | 頁119-227 |
分類號 | 585.8 |
關鍵詞 | 獨占性訂價; 獨占管制; 公平交易法; 榨取濫用; 市場結構管制; 市場行為管制; 市場績效管制; 比較市場; 超額利潤; 利潤限制; 假設競爭; 濫用原則; 市場進入障礙; Monoplistic pricing; Excessive pricing; Profit-maximizing price; Antitrust law; Monopoly; Exploitation abuses; Control of market performance; The fair trade law; Reasonable price; Exclusionary practice; Barriers to entrance; Persistent monopoly; The "as if" competition concept; The "comparative market" concept; The comparable geographic market; The comparable product market; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 獨占性訂價在競爭政策上的評價,甚具爭議性。其所代表的「市場績效管制」,與市場經濟之本質有諸多齟齬之處。獨占性訂價管制也可能產生抑壓競爭誘因、進一步削弱競爭者、懲罰有效率商等不利之副作用。其次在管制技術上,其具有諸多不易克服之困難,且會耗費鉅大的行政成本,致使吾人在「執法機會成本」的思考下,不得不三思其在競爭法上應有之地位。相對於美國法對於獨占性訂價採取放任不予管制之態度,歐盟、德國以及我國公平法卻採取積極管制之立場。後者乃是基於市場自我治癒能力之有其極限,在許多市場其進入障礙實不易短期予以排除,故仍肯定在競爭法中應保留管制獨占性訂價之可能性。惟應謹慎遵守例外性、緊急性和最後手段性之要求,不宜任意冒進干預。反而破壞了寶貴的市場機制。在管制方法上,主要有「比較市場」以及「超額利潤限制法」兩種。前者乃將獨占事業之訂價與所謂地理、產品或時間比較市場上的廠商訂價相比較;後者則可分為「基於成本的超額利潤限制法」以及「非基於成本的超額利潤限制法」兩種。上述兩種管制法均有其許多困境,有待理論與實務進一步予以克服。 我國公平會已經開始逐步進行獨占事業之價格管制,並嘗試使用比較市場以及超額利潤限制法進行管制,惟更精緻的管制方法,猶待建立。公平法對於獨占性訂價基本上採取管制之態度,雖可資贊同,惟基於獨占性訂價在競爭政策上的爭議性,以及管制技術上之困難性,主管機關似不宜過度積極地介入獨占事業價格之管制、糾正與設定,以尊重市場機能的核心機制-價格機能。 |
英文摘要 | The regulation of monopolistic pricing within the antitrust law is an issue that has given rise to much controversy. Such regulation constitutes a so-called "market-performance-control" which is most likely in conflict with the spirit of the market economy. Moreover, it might have kinds of undesirable side effects, such as holding back the incentives to engage in competition, weakening the competitors and punishing the efficient firms etc. In addition, its enforcement could be in company with enormous technical difficulties and call for huge implementation cost. Therefore the antitrust-regulation of excessive pricing is highly controversial both in relation to its policy-making and its enforcement. This article shall cover issues concerning both "whether" and "how to" regulate the monopolistic pricing in antitrust law. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。