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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 臺灣重要癌症之分子流行病學研究=Molecular Epidemiological Studies of Major Cancers in Taiwan |
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作者 | 陳建仁; | 書刊名 | Journal of Medical Sciences |
卷期 | 22:專刊 民91.11 |
頁次 | 頁1-10 |
分類號 | 412.41 |
關鍵詞 | 癌症; 分子流行病學; 臺灣; Cancer; Molecular epidemiology; Taiwan; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 癌症是臺灣居民的第一大死因,其中最好發的癌症部位包括肝、結直腸、肺、子宮頸、乳房、胃、口腔、膀胱和前列腺;慢性砷中毒地區的居民,則有顯著偏高的肺癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、腎癌及皮膚癌發生率。與世界各國比較,臺灣的肝癌、子宮頸碰、女性肺腺癌、鼻咽癌發生率顯著偏高。癌症的發生需要經過多階段的病理變化,並有多重危險因子作用於其間。 二十世紀末葉的分子生物學發展迅速,分子流行病學也應運而生。舉凡致癌物的生物有效劑量、個體之遺傳及後天易罹癌性,癌症前期病變等,都可以利用生物標記進行定性或定量測定,使得各種癌症的成因及致癌機制的探討更加深入。此綜合論述係針對臺灣常見癌之分子流行病學研究發現進行整合分析,藉以瞭解病毒及化學致癌物,異物代謝、DNA修補、荷爾蒙代謝等酵素之基因多形性,致癌與抑癌基因多形性,荷爾蒙接受器基因多形性,HLA基因多形性,以及抗氧化微量營養素之作用,並嘗試說明未來研究的重點方向。 |
英文摘要 | Cancer is the leading cause of death in Taiwan. Major cancers include those of the liver, colon and rectum, lung, cervix uteri, breast, stomach, oral cavity, urinary bladder, and prostate. Residents in the endemic areas of arseniasis in Taiwan have an increased risk of cancers of the lung, liver, urinary bladder, kidney and skin. Compared with other countries and ethnicities in the world, Taiwanese has an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical neoplasia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and female lung adenocarcinoma. Carcinogenesis is a multistage process with the involvement of a multifactorial etiology. The rapid advances in science and technology of molecular biology lead to the emergence of molecular epidemiology. Biomarkers, both qualitative and quantitative, are extensively developed and used in the molecular dosimetry of carcinogen exposures, characterization of acquired and genetic susceptibility, and early detection of pre-cancerous lesions. The methodological advancement enables epidemiologists to understand better the causes and etiological mechanisms of various cancers. This article reviews the state-of-the-art findings of molecular epidemiological studies of major cancers in Taiwan. Both independent and interactive effects on major cancers are reviewed for viral and chemical carcinogens; genetic polymorphisms of enzymes for xenobiotic metabolism and DNA repair, hormone receptors, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and human leukocyte antigens; and serum levels of antioxidant micronutrients and sex hormones. The future perspectives of molecular epidemiological studies on maor cancers are also discussed. |
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