頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 飲食文明的宗教倫理衝突=Religious Ethic Conflicts as Seen from the Perspective of Dietary Culture |
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作者 | 龔鵬程; |
期刊 | 佛光人文社會學刊 |
出版日期 | 20020600 |
卷期 | 2 2002.06[民91.06] |
頁次 | 頁1-25 |
分類號 | 218.9 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 佛教; 伊斯蘭教; 飲食文化; 倫理衝突; |
中文摘要 | 「九一一」事件,令全世界都再度想起「文明衝突」的理論,而思消弭衝突之道。所謂文明衝突,指世上幾大宗教文明在二十世紀末期逐漸形成了對抗關係。其中基督教文明與伊斯蘭教文明之戰爭對抗,已歷千餘年;與東亞儒家文明的衝突也成為潛在的陰影。 這些衝突,導因於國際政經環境及現實利益,但其背後卻存在著深刻的宗教文化因素,故衝突往往歷時久長且不易消泯。 佛教文明在這其中,是最溫和的,與其他各文明之衝突並不明顯。但佛教在二十世紀,已成功地普傳至五大洲,與其他宗教有更多交往、互動、並存的機會。佛教的倫理態度,既有異於其他宗教之處;則在現今文明衝突加劇之際,應採何種策略,以為溝通共榮之道? 本文無法全面討論宗教倫理之問題,僅能從一個小面向來舉例說明。這個面向,是各宗教的飲食方式。有些宗教禁食、有些不禁。有些禁食牛、有些禁食豬、有些禁食魚、有些禁食血、有些則禁食各種肉。禁不禁食、禁什麼食、如何禁,這些儀節禁忌,均與該教之倫理觀修行方法有關。本文將說明我們對這個問題應如何理解,以及如何進行異教間的溝通。 具體討論時,我會稍微集中論析伊斯蘭教與佛教的衝突;這,一方面是因漢傳佛教戒殺,伊斯蘭則有宰牲節,兩者差異最為明顯;二者是兩教在明代已有具體爭論,至今尚無人進一步探究;三則是伊斯蘭教史教義,我國宗教學界素不熟悉,特別是中國伊斯蘭教的教法及其與漢傳佛教之關係,歷來均無研究,故藉此介紹。此外,飲食文明的研究,現有的一些學派與學說,理論俱有不足之處,本文透過各宗教倫理態度之比對,提供一點修正與補充。 |
英文摘要 | The 911 Event has reminded the world of the theory of "clash of civilization" and made the need to find out the way to eradicate this conflict. The "clash of civilization" refers to the antagonistic relationship, being formed at the end of the 2oth century, among a few major religions. One of these conflicts--the conflict between the Christian and Islamic civilization has lasted over one thousand years. And the conflict with the Confucian civilization in East Asia has also been shaped in a hidden way. Although these conflicts are the results of international political and economic interests, behind them lie the deep-rooted religious and cultural factors. The conflicts, therefore, usually lat a long time and are difficult to eradicate. The Buddhist culture is the mildest among all religions and has no obvious conflict with other cultures. It has been successfully disseminated to the five continents, having ample opportunities to meet, to exchange and to co-exist with other religions. In view of its different ethical values, however, what strategy should Buddhism adopt in this age of clash of civilization in order to communicate and to thrive together with other religions? Being unable to have a comprehensive discussion on religious ethics, this paper can only give some examples from the perspective of dietary customs. Food abstention is enforced in some religions, but not in others. Beef, pork, fish, animal blood and meats of all kinds are respectively prohibited in certain religions. The rituals taboos in eating, the food to be prohibited, and the manner of prohibition, are related to the ethics and practices of a particular religion. This paper aims at explaining how we will understand this issue and what is the proper way to communicate among different religions. Specifically, I will focus on the conflict between Islam and Buddhism. The reasons are as fellows: first, abstention from slaughtering living things is one of the main precepts in Buddhism, while Corban is celebrated in Islam as a jubilant festival on which goats are slaughtered. Both religions are most clearly differentiated on this point. Secondly, the dispute of these two religions started long time ago, in the Ming Dynasty, but no further study about is has been done so far. Finally, the creeds of Islam are not familiar to the religious studies of our country. In particular, no study has been made about the relationship between Chinese Islamic doctrines and Han Buddhism. Besides, in view of the shortcomings of the theory on diet culture studied by contemporary scholars, this paper attempts to make some supplementation and amendments through the comparison of various religious ethics attitudes. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。