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題 名 | 世界貿易組織爭端解決機制對法治之落實--「美國貿易法第301-310條款案」之分析=The Realization of Rule of Law of WTO's Dispute Settlement System: An Analysis of WTO Panel Ruling on Section 301-310 of the Trade Act of 1947 |
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作 者 | 徐揮彥; | 書刊名 | 東吳法律學報 |
卷 期 | 13:2 2002.02[民91.02] |
頁 次 | 頁179-220 |
分類號 | 558.069 |
關鍵詞 | 世界貿易組織; 貿易爭端解決機制; 規則導向; 實力導向; 美國1974年貿易法第301-310條款; 法治; 法律自主性; 形式有效性; 法律內在客觀價值; WTO; Dispute settlement; Section 301-310 of the trade act of 1947; Rule of law; Autonomy; The vienna convention on the law of treaty 1969; Formal validity; Objective value of law; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在國際經濟關係中,法律規範所扮演之角色最主要是對參與國際經濟活動之參與者提供一行為準則,並且對解決國際經濟爭端之司法機關提供一裁判準則,在行為指引作用與裁判指引作用被充分發揮下,健全之國際經濟法律秩序才能建立。從GATT1947到WTO成立之發展,可充分的看出就是朝建立一個法治化的國際經濟法律制度而邁進,而WTO法律制度之法治化之重要指標即爭端解決瞭解書所建立之爭端解決機制。爭端解決瞭解書建立之爭端解決程序,係所有WTO會員問從事國際經濟活動中出現爭端時之主要解決程序,以確保各會員之法律、規範、措施、行政程序與WTO法律所課與各會員義務相符。故在國際經濟關係中身為重要參與國之會員,關於國際經濟規範所建構出之法律關係所形成法律義務之遵守程度如何,對於國際經濟法之規範性甚至法律之形成具重大之影響。而美國貿易法第301條款之片面貿易救濟制度,對於烏拉圭回合所制定之爭端解決瞭解書所建立多邊爭端解決機制之一致性無疑的相當其爭議性,故此案件對於WTO法律以及爭端解決機制之完整性與WTO法治之落實有著相當重要之指標意義。故對於WTO之法律規範而言,法律一致性之要求尤其重要,因為在WTO協定之前言中規定,WTO之宗旨含發展一個整體多邊貿易制度。為了落實法治,在法律之制度或規則中必須具備特定最低之程序上正義與實質上正義之標準,諸如透明性、法律之一致性、規則之完整性、民主正當性以及規則之可執行性。雖法治之內涵並非容易敘述,本文藉由規範性(regularity)、可預測性(predictability)、非主體性(impersonality)以及自我調整性(selfabnegation)等法治之特徵,作為檢驗「美國貿易法第301-310條款案」對法治落實程度之測度儀。 |
英文摘要 | In international economic relations, legal rules play an important role as the guidelines of the participants in the relations and as the standards or norms of judicial organ. The sound multilateral trading system can not be proven founded until these functions have been fully exerted. After decades of evolution, the nature of dispute settlement system has transformed from power-oriented to rule-oriented. Based on the nature of rule-oriented, the dispute settlement system contains the goal of the realization of Rule of Law which is a central requirement of judicial or quasi-judicial organ. The WTO's procedure for resolving trade quarrels under the Dispute Settlement Understanding is vital for enforcing the rules and therefore for ensuring that trade flows smoothly. Under the obligation to be consistent with the multilateral dispute settlement procedure, WTO members shall avoid the invocation to any unilateral or regional remedies. However, the existence of Section 301-310 of the US Trade Act of 1947 seems a denial or derogation to the WTO's multilateral dispute settlement procedure. The article starts from the analysis to nature of WTO's dispute settlement system and issues of Section 301-310 of the US Trade Act of 1947. By surveying the Panel Ruling on Section 301-310 of the Trade Act of 1947, the article exams whether and how far the dispute sett1ement system fulfilled the principle of Rule of Law. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。