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題 名 | 臺灣一九九七年修憲後憲政爭議問題與因應對策=Constitutional Controversies and Solution since Taiwan's 1997 Constitutional Amendments |
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作 者 | 曾建元; | 書刊名 | 香港社會科學學報 |
卷 期 | 19 民90.春-夏 |
頁 次 | 頁29-67 |
分類號 | 573.552 |
關鍵詞 | 臺灣; 修憲; 憲政爭議; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | <中華民國憲法增修條文>於一九九七年進行第四次修正,配合總統選舉方式改為人民直選,參照法國第五共和憲法,將中央政府體制改為雙首長制(半總統制),使總統得單獨任命行政院長而毋需經立法院之同意。 二000年,民主進步黨籍候選人陳水扁當選中華民國第十任總統,陳水扁根據<憲法>主張總統有任命行政院長之權力,而不顧立法院內中國國民黨居於過半數而民主進步當僅居三分之一席次之政治生態,這自任命唐飛組織所謂全民政府,缺乏立法院支持的新政府乃備受在野聯盟的掣肘之苦。當唐飛因是否興建第四座核能發電廠一事與陳水扁意見相左而被迫去職後,陳水扁重新任命民進黨人張俊雄組閣,形成民進黨的少數政府,新內閣仍然受到立法院在野聯盟的杯葛。本文從研究法國第五共和半總統制著手,兼及另一個半總統制國家芬蘭之經驗,論證半總統制的制度原理係源自議會制,總統任命總理必須尊重國會之政治生態,惟當總統與國會多數黨同黨,並身居多數黨之領袖時,總統始得以超級總統之地位藉由總理之任命立導政府之人事與決策,臺灣一九九七年修憲時,更在法式半總統制的基礎上, |
英文摘要 | The institutional make-up embodied in the Constitional Amendments of the Republic of China was revised to one of dual leadership (semi-presidential system) in 1997. Analogously with the French Fifth Republic Constitution, the ROC Constitution empowers the popularly elected president the power to appoint the premier without parliamentary (Legislative Yuan) approval. The Democratic Progressive Party's candidate Chen Shui-bian was inaugurated as the tenth president of the Republic of China in 2000. Although the Democratic Progressive Party only holds 1/3 of the seats and the opposition Kuomintang a majority in the Legislative Yuan, Chen Shui-bian claims that, according to the Constitution. he has the power to appoint the premier and form a "people's government". The new government without Legislative Yuan's majority support was boycotted by the Opposition Alliance. When the Tang Fei Cabinet was toppled over dissenting views on the fourth nuclear power plant project vis-a-vis Chen Shui-bian, Chen appointed his party associate Chang Chun-hsiung to be premier and formed a DDP minority government. The new government was still boycotted by the Opposition Alliance in the Legislative Yuan. This article studies the French Fifth Republic Constitution's semi-presidential system and compares it with the experience of Finland. It argues that the institutional principle of the semi-presidential system was originated from the parliamentary system. Whenever the president wants to appoint a new premier, he has to respect the parliament's political ecology. Only when the president belongs to the same majority party in the parliament and is the actual leader of the same majority party, he then is able to be a super-president to appoint the premier and control the government's personnel and policy-making according to his own free will. Furthermore, ROC's 1997 Constitutional Amendments intends to add more parliamentary institutional mechanisms on to the French semi-presidential system. If Chen Shui-bian wants to resolve the current political standoff, he should face the political reality of DDP's minority position in the Legislative Yuan, respect the Legislative Yuan's political ecology, realize the principle of a semi- presidential system, and try to form a majority government whenever possible. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。