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題 名 | 海水與海岸地形對軍事登陸行動的影響--以諾曼地登陸作戰為例=The Effect of Seawater and Shape of Seashore on Military Landing Action--The Military Geology for Normandy |
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作 者 | 郭世忠; | 書刊名 | 黃埔學報 |
卷 期 | 41 2001.09[民90.09] |
頁 次 | 頁175-195 |
分類號 | 597.2 |
關鍵詞 | 海岸地形; 軍事登陸行動; 諾曼地登陸; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 諸葛亮曰:「不知地理不可為將」,孫子亦曾曰:「知天知地,勝乃可全」,諸如此言道盡軍事地質工程師之重要,昔日元朝渡海攻日,因陸將不習海水之性,敗軍而歸。拿破崙在滑鐵爐因氣候之因素戰術無從發揮而一敗塗地。而有史以來最艱巨之諾曼地登陸作戰,因軍事地質師細心調查、規劃,使得聯軍事行動得以順利進行,結束大戰。 影響船艦之因素繁多,狂風損害人舟並降低射控能力,潮汐影響搶灘速度,潮流影響登陸定點的準確性,航道深淺影響舟艦之大小及運輸量,海流速度太大增加舟艦避雷的危機,海冰妨礙佈雷與掃雷工作,海岸沙丘坡度妨礙部隊推進速度和軍需運輸量,防風林阻擋了進攻速度,地下淡水抽取量、石材、砂子之供給量影響整體戰力,海岸線形態、海浪高底、礁岩是否高低決定了搶灘條件,海灘堅固的程度也影響車輛載運能力。 本文對海水與海岸地形對軍事行動之影響詳細探討,並以諾曼地登陸作戰成功為例,說明軍事地質工程師調查、規劃工作之重要性。 |
英文摘要 | Zhu Ge Liang said, " one cannot be a leader without a sound knowledge of geography." Sun Tzu in the Art of War also stressed, " the one with the victory is the one who knows about heaven and earth." Sayings like these suggest the importance of having military geologists. The story of army invading Japan across the sea in Yuan Dynasty is a good example. Because their army did not have experiences in the nature of water, they lost the war. Napoleon Bonoparte was unable to use his talent and tactics effectively in Waterloo due to climatic factors, and so he was defected. The landing action in Normandy was the most formidable military landing action in the history. However, with the careful investigation and analysis of the military geologists, allied forces were able to land in Normandy successfully and end the World War II in the end. There are numerous influences that can exert an effect on naval ships. Strong wind can destroy ships and cause casualties and al so decreases the accuracy of the missiles. The height of tide is related to the speed of landing on seashore and the ability of a ship to land at the precise spot intended to be. The depth of landing course restricts the size of the ships allowed and so the carriage limitation. As the speed of current increases, the danger of hitting a mine also increases. The ices in the sea obstruct mine laying and sweeping. The slope of the shore affect the rate of advancing and the time required for supplies and reinforcement to arrive. The windbreak forests resist the speed of attack. The amount of rock, sand and fresh water underground effects the power of whole war. The shape of seashore, the height of waves, and with or without reefs are factors to determine success in landing. The sturdiness of seashore also influences how capable vehicles can transport. This article detailed investigates the effects of seawater and shape of seashore on military landing action. The successful example of landing in Normandy is utilized to explain how crucial military geologist's role is to conduct investigations and analyses. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。