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題 名 | 短跑選手起跑支撐階段在肌肉間之運動協調探討=The Coordination of the Inter-muscle in Sprint Push-off |
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作 者 | 翁梓林; | 書刊名 | 國立臺北師範學院學報 |
卷 期 | 14 2001.09[民90.09] |
頁 次 | 頁773+775-792 |
分類號 | 528.9461 |
關鍵詞 | 淨關節力矩; 淨關節功率; 單關節; 雙關節; 平移運動; 旋轉運動; 綜合運動; Intermuscular coordintation; Biarticular; Monoarticular; Net joint moments; Net joint powers; Translation; Rotation; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 人類在從事任何動作時,身體會受各關節間之交互作用而做運動。而身體在多關節的運動,不管是在手部或是足部的平移運動(translation motion),抑是身體重心位置的平移,皆受身體各關節綜合運動(旋轉運動+平移運動)所影響,並將肢體轉換成被需要的平移運動。本研究目的擬對短跑支撐階段動作,進一步解釋在所謂約束條件下,其肌肉互動間運動協調之型態,是根植於身體在水平方向之身體重心水平速度。本研究的方法係以文獻分析的方法,將有關影響短跑動作在肌肉間之參數做分析與比較。其分析內容,包括有關影響短跑動作之運動學及動力學參數分析。透過文獻之解析後,得到以下之結論: 短跑項目其肌肉間之控制與協調,存在著與解剖學對肌肉功能解釋有相互矛盾的現象;也就是說雙關節肌肉會使膝關節參與伸肌之動作;並可以在它跨過的關節處產生與力矩相反的作用。 |
英文摘要 | This study was designed to investigate the patterns of intermuscular coordination during a sprinting event. In previous research it was found that despite the indeterminacy problem of movement control, movements like vertical jumping , speed skating and cycling are preformed in a stereotyped manner. It was hypothesized that this might be due to constraints associated with the transformation of joint rotations into the desired translation. The objective of the present study was to determine the extent to which the intermuscular coordination patterns during other movements also are performed in a stereotyped manner and , if that is true, whether this can be understood on the basis of such constraints. Elite sprint runners were instructed to execute an explosive sprint dash. Ground reaction forces and cinematographic data were recorded for the second stance phase of the sprint. Linked-segment modeling was used to obtain net joint moments and net joint powers. Different athletes appeared to perform the sprint in a stereotyped manner. The muscle coordination pattern is characterized by a proximo to distal sequence in timing of the monoarticular muscles. When compared to the sequential pattern found in jumping, the biarticular hamstrings and rectus femoris muscles behave differently; in the sprint a more pronounced reciprocal activity between these muscles exists. The resulting movement pattern is characterized by a sequence of upper leg extension and plantar flexion. The observed sequence in timing of muscle activation patterns is aimed at solving the problems associated with the earlier identified geometrical and anatomical constraint . However, the coordination pattern cannot be fully understood on the basis of these constraints. A specific constraint is identified with respect to the direction of the ground reaction force, which explains the pronounced reciprocal activity of the biarticular hamstring and rectus femoris muscles. The intermuscular coordination pattern in the sprint can be seen as a compromise between the specific requirement of the sprint and the advantageous effect of a proximo to distal sequence as found previously for jumping. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。