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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Contact-Induced Tonogenesis in Southern Qiang |
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作者 | Evans, Jonathan P.; | 書刊名 | 語言暨語言學 |
卷期 | 2:2 2001.07[民90.07] |
頁次 | 頁63-110 |
分類號 | 802.931 |
關鍵詞 | 羌語; 語調; Qiang; Tonogenesis; Lexical stress; Pitch accent; Language contact; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
英文摘要 | In the Qiang language, the Southern dialects (SQ) exploit tones to make lexical distinctions, while the Northern dialects (NQ) lack tonal phenomena. There are also a few transitional dialects in which tones distinguish a few phenomena pairs; each pair includes at least one borrowing from Chinese. Attempts have been made (e.g., Liu 1998a) to correlate the tones of SQ with certain phonetic features of NQ dialects (e.g., consonant cluster initials and vowel quantity/quality/rhotacization). This paper presents evidence that SQ was a pitch accent language which has undergone contact-induced tonogenesis; viz., after undergoing phonological simplifications that made SQ dialects tone-prone, lexical borrowings form a tonal language (sichuanese Mandaria) caused the beginnings of tonal distinctions. Some dialects (Longxi, Taoping) have developed full-blown tonal systems, while others (Mianchi, Heihu) have layers of tonal strata over pitch accent systems. There appear to be phonetic motivations for some accented syllables and for certain minor tones, which are of relatively recent origin. |
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