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題名 | Regulation of Fig Wasps Entry and Egress: The Role of Ostiole of Ficus microcarpa L.=正榕(Ficus microcarpa L.)榕果小孔在控制榕果小蜂鑽入與鑽出時的重要性 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 陳穎儒; 周蓮香; 吳文哲; | 書刊名 | 臺灣昆蟲 |
卷期 | 21:2 2001.06[民90.06] |
頁次 | 頁171-182 |
分類號 | 387.781 |
關鍵詞 | 正榕; 榕果小蜂; 榕果小孔; 控制試驗; 動植物關係; Ficus microcarpa; Fig wasps; Ostiole; Controlled experiments; Plant-insect interaction; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 正榕(Ficus microcarpa L.)與其授粉蜂(Eupristina verticillata Waterston)為互利共生之關係。榕果小孔是正榕對外聯繫的唯一管道。由於榕果小孔的開啟時間十分短暫,又是授粉蜂進駐榕果與所有榕果小蜂鑽出時的重要門戶,因此榕果小孔的開閤對榕果小蜂有決定性的影響。本試驗每週於樣區中35株正榕植株上,取樣B、C期榕果,檢視小孔上是否有授粉蛉之遺翅,並於榕果B期及D期時設計制試驗以證實榕果小孔對其榕果小蜂之重要性。在所有具遺翅的榕果中,97.5%的B期榕果具有小蜂於其內,而僅63.9%的C期榕果具有小蜂,顯示B期榕果上之小蜂遺翅豆代表授粉蜂於榕果內之良好指標,而授粉蜂在C期無法偵測,可能是其在產卵後有再鑽出,或是屍體夾於小花中無法偵測到。B期控制實驗中三處理具顯著差異,套袋、封口、對照三組落果率分別為95.50+-0.73%,76.05+-2.98%及56.07+-3.08%,顯示若授粉蜂未進駐,榕果大部分會掉落。套袋及封口組未掉落的榕果中發現有Walkerella kurandensis Boucek及Odontofroggatia spp.,顯示此等小蜂不需依賴其他蜂類,即能阻止榕果掉落,為獨立造癭蜂。於D期榕果控制實驗中封口、剝半及對照三組中飛出的榕果小蜂各為4.95+-1.24、57.20+-4.06及38.55+-63.6+5隻,具顯著差異,由此推知正榕榕果的榕果小孔對於榕果小蜂的鑽出具有決性的影響,而剝半及對照組之間的差異顯示榕果小蜂自榕果小孔鑽出時約有10%-20%的死亡率存在。 |
英文摘要 | Ficus microcarpa L. and its pollinator, Eupristina verticillata Waterston, are obligate mutualists. The ostiole, the only way to connect inside and outside of figs, is very important to regulate the timing of both pollinator entry and all fig wasps egress. Field experiments were conducted on the campus of national Taiwan niversity in northern Taiwan to assess the effect of the ostiole on the number of pollinators that entered and flew out of figs of different phases. Wings remaining on ostiole at B- and C-phase figs were counted, and controlled experiments at B- and D-phase figs were conducted . Of all figs with wing remains in the in the ostioles, 97.5% of early B-phase figs had pollinators inside. Thus, wings remained on ostioles are a good indicator of pollinators in B-phase figs. However, only 63.9% early C-phase figs contained pollinators, the result indicated pollinators probably re-emerge from figs. In the experiment with B-phase figs, significant differences were found between treatments. On average, 95.50+-0.73% of bagged figs dropped from the tree, 70.65+-2.98% of figs with a sealed ostiole dropped and 56.07+-3.08% of control figs dropped. Figs in the ostiole-sealed treatment that remained on the tree were occupied by Odontofroggatia spp, and Walkerella kurandensis Boucek. The oviposition of these non-pollinators did not depend on other wasp species and they caused florets to grow into seed-like structures. These fig wasps prevented fig dropping, thus they are gall-makers. Only 4.95+-1.24 fig wasps flew out of D-phase figs in the ostiole-sealed treatment, whereas 57.20+-4.06 fig wasps emerged from figs in the ostiole-opened treatment and 38.55+-3.65 fig wasps flew out of control figs. The greater number of wasps emerging from opened figs than that of control figs indicates the ostiole is a barrier to egress and causes about 10%-20% mortality of fig wasps. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。