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題 名 | 論乾嘉歷史考據學家--王鳴盛史學的實證特徵=The Positive Characters of the Historical Study by Wang Ming-Sheng: The Historical Textual Researcher of Emperor Chien-Lung and Chia-Ching at Ching Dynasty |
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作 者 | 張惠貞; | 書刊名 | 臺南師院學報 |
卷 期 | 34 2001.06[民90.06] |
頁 次 | 頁231-248 |
分類號 | 610.83 |
關鍵詞 | 乾嘉歷史考據學; 王鳴盛; 史學思想; 十七史商榷; Wang, Ming-Sheng; The Discussion of Seventeen History; The historical textual research of Chien-Lung and Chia-Ching emperors; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 王鳴盛(西元1722∼1797),江蘇嘉定(今上海市嘉定縣)人,字鳳喈,號西 莊,晚年改號西沚居士。乾隆時中進士,授翰林院編修,官至內閣學士兼禮部侍郎,出為福 建鄉試主考官,旋遷光祿寺卿。後丁母憂,辭官居蘇州不復出仕。其後三十午間,閉門訂讀 書,不與當道應酬。 王鳴盛是一位好學不倦,動於筆耕,精研經史的學者。早年冶經,《尚書後案》為其經 學代表著作,歸田之後轉向考史。王鳴盛考史以補前代學術未校十七史之空白,為後人治史 開闢一條道路,經過二十多年的勤奮努力終於寫成一部一百卷的考史巨著《十七史商榷》。 甚至在晚年還整理編訂了論證經義、史地、小學、人物、制度、名物等內容為主的學術筆記 《蛾術編》九十五卷。 《十七史商榷》一書可算是一部研究史學的入門書,王鳴盛在序文中曾言及「讀書校書 之所得,標舉之以詰後人」,自己做鋪路的工作,以嘉惠後學,「學者每苦正史菜塞姥訝, 或遇典制茫昧,事蹟謬葛,地理職官眼瞇心督,是以予書為孤竹之老馬,置于具旁而參閱 之,通而證明之,不覺如關開節解,筋轉脈搖,殆或不無小助也與。夫以予任其勞,而使後 人受其益。予居其難,而使後人樂其易,不亦善乎。以予之識暗才懦,碌碌無可自見,猥以 校訂之役,穿穴故紙堆中,實事求是,庶幾啟導後人,則予懷其亦可以稍自慰矣。」此段話 說明著書之目的,亦是王鳴盛在史學考證上,可提供給後學冶史的參考書。因此提出王鳴盛 史學的實證特徵來探析治史態度及會通精神,用以說明王鳴盛務實的治學態度。 |
英文摘要 | Wang Ming-Sheng (1722-1797), a native of Chiating, Chiangsu Province (Now Chiation County, Shanghai City), also known as Feng Chieh, and was called His-Chuang. He changed his second name as His Chih the retired scholar on his later years. He passed the national civil service examination to be the third degree candidate, and was assigned to edit and study at National Academy, he took office and promoted to cabinet scholar as well as the attendant of the Ministry of Rites and Education. Later he was the official in charge of Civil service examnation of Fukien province. Soon he was promoted as minister Secretary of the Imperial Kitchen. Afterwards, with bereavement of his mother he resigned the office and returned to Chiangsu and never took any office since then. During the 30 years after, he refused admitting any visitor so that he was able to study hard on his own. Wang Ming-Sheng ws diligent in the pursuit of knowledge and a scholar fond of writing and research of the classics and history. On his early years when he studied the classics, the "Later Document for Book of History" was his representative writing; then he turned to study the history after retired from civil service. Wang Mistories of the previous scholars, which he opened a window for later scholars who study history. Having gone through more than 20 years of industrious and hard working, he finally finished writing the great book of 100 volumes titled: "The Discussion of Seventeen History". Even at his later years, he still arranged and edited the academic notes "Er Shu Editing" for 59 volumes, the contens were mainly the true meanings of classica talking about politics, history and geography, philological study, personage, system, famous articles, etc. The Discussion of Seventeen History" might also be considered the beginner book of one to get ready for more profound study of history. At the preface of this book, Wang Ming-Sheng used to say: "The result of study and proofreading have been labeled and taken notes to benefit the later people". With the orad pavement he was able to help the later scholars "who often bothered by complicated official history and hard to understand, or confronted with unknown laws and institutions, incorrect events records, mistaken geography, I thus considered myself as an old horse on isolated bamboo trees, putting beside it and referring to reading for general proof unconsciously. It is like to pass a barricade or untie a knot; the tendons and pulses of the body are connected, which shall be of great help. Further, I work hard to benefit the later comers. I do the hardest part and let the later people enjoy the pleasant matters, is not it a good thing? AN ordinary people with little ability like I am is unable to get insight, so I can only do the editing job, go through among the sheets of paper to find out the truth. It would be a comfort if my works could enlighten later people." The above words have explained clearly the objective of his writing of his book It is also treated as a reference book for later history researchers on Wang's textual research of history. Therefore, the author bring out the positive character on history study of Wang Ming-Sheng to investigate his attitude toward history study and the spirit to master a subject; further, to explain the practical study attitude of Wang Ming-Sheng. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。